1)

Who are the messengers?

1.

Rashi: They are many camps of troops going on My mission "to terrify Kush."

2.

Radak: It is an army of Goyim; it is as if they go on Hashem's mission for He decreed against [Kush].

3.

Malbim: This is via His Hashgachah. Not only will those who helped Egypt in the war be broken, and not only those who are on the side of Migdol Sevenah - rather, also Kush which is on the other side, like it says "mi'Migdol Sevenah v'Ad Gevul Kush" (29:10).

2)

What are "ba'Tzim"?

1.

Rashi: This is like "v'Tzim 1 mi'Yad Kitim" (Bamidbar 24:24). Also Yonason translates 'legions.'

2.

Radak: They are boats, like "v'Tzi 2 Adar Lo Ya'avrenu" (Yeshayah 33:21). A big river surrounds Kush; one can enter only via boats - "v'Hu Sovev Es Kol Eretz Kush" (Bereishis 2:13). And so it says "me'Ever l'Naharei Kush; ha'Shole'ach ba'Yam Tzirim... Al Pnei ha'Mayim" (Yeshayah 18:1-2).


1

Indeed, the Targumim there say legions, but Rosh Hashanah 23a and almost all Meforshim there say that they are big boats. (PF)

2

Radak: There should be two Yudim here, like the plural of Iy is Iyim, just one is omitted for ease of pronunciation, like Ivrim and Yehudim.

3)

What is the meaning of "Lehacharid Es Ksuh Betach"?

1.

Rashi: To terrify Kush, which dwells confidently 1 . Radak - the nation that will come upon her suddenly will terrify her.


1

Malbim: They were confident because (a) the enemy was far from them, and (b) there was water in between - me'Ever l'Naharei Kush" (Yeshayah 18:1).

4)

What is "k'Yom Egypt"?

1.

Radak: Like there was Chalchalah (trembling) in Kush at the time of Egypt's Churban (4). Now they will tremble over their own [affliction]!

5)

What came?

1.

Radak: The time of their destruction.

2.

Malbim: The trembling - this is not a distant report, and not about the future!

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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