Rashi: Why should I refrain from exacting payment from you? You do not repent to Me. You descend from Noach, like other Nochrim, like Kushim, to whom you are compared - "ha'Yahafoch Kushi Oro", so "Atem Tuchlu Leheitiv" (Yirmeyah 13:23).

Radak: They are slaves, and they are black ¹ - they are sons of Cham, who were sold to be slaves. So it was proper that you be slaves to Me, for I acquired you from Beis Avadim, and raised you from Egypt!

Radak citing his father: You are like Bnei Kushiyim; they never change their skin. So you do not veer from your evil ways.

Radak citing Targum Yonasan: You are considered beloved children in front of Me ² .

Malbim: After prophecy of punishment, he concludes his Sefer with consolation. You are to Me like Bnei Kushiyim - they are distinguished and recognized and special to their fathers via their black skin. Even if they are exiled among other nations, they do not mix with them. So you, Bnei Yisrael, are to Me. All who see them recognize that they are Bnei Kel Chai.

Rashi: Amidst My good, initially I chose you - I took you out of Egypt. Also Pelishtim I took out of Kaftor - even so, I did not make them a nation to Me!

Radak #1: This is said in astonishment. Did I raise Pelishtim and Aram from their Galus the way that I raised you from Egypt?! I exiled them from their land due to love of you - they were your neighbors and were very bad to you. I exiled them, and afterwards raised them from exile like I raised you. Even though Pelishtim and Aram were not yet exiled when this Nevu'ah was said - Aram was exiled in the days of Achaz, and Pelishtim in the days of Tzidkiyah, like it says in Sefer Yirmeyah - he prophesized about their destruction and Galus. Even so, they are mentioned also here. Divrei Nevu'ah are often future in past tense, for it is as if they were already done; Hashem's words are Emes.

Radak citing Ibn Ezra: Yefes explained, Kushim's wives are Hefker. No Kushi knows his father. You were the children of one father ¹ . You are unlike Pelishtim mi'Kaftor and Aram mi'Kir, who mixed with each other.

Radak #2: It is known that I am your Father - "ha'Lo Hu Avicha Kanecha" (Devarim 32:6}. The prefix Mem in me'Eretz applies also to others; I raised you from Egypt, from Pelishtim, from Kaftor and from Aram ² .

Radak citing his father: [You should have abandoned your evil ways, for] I took you out of Egypt, [whereas I did not save] Pelishtim; others destroyed them and expelled them from Kaftor - "veha'Avim ha'Yoshevim ba'Chatzerim Ad Azah Kaftorim ha'Yotze'im mi'Kaftor Hishmidam va'Yeshevu Sachtam" (Devarim 2:23). The Avim were in Chatzerim; their border was until Azah, among Arei Pelishtim. The Kaftorim who came from Kaftor destroyed them. All the Nevu'os about the kingdoms and nations in that Parashah were for the distant future.

Malbim: This proves that Bnei Yisrael are special to Hashem. You were in Egypt many days, and enslaved. Even so, you did not mix with the Egyptians. I raised Yisrael from them, separate and recognized in its name and lineage. Did I do so for Pelishtim and Aram?! Refer to 9:7:3:4.

Rashi: I took Pelishtim out of Kaftor when Kaftorim came against Avim - "veha'Avim ha'Yoshevim ba'Chatzerim Ad Azah Kaftorim ha'Yotze'im mi'Kaftor Hishmidam va'Yeshevu Sachtam" (Devarim 2:23). They conquered also Bnei Azah and other Sarnei Pelishtim under them. I took them out of their hand.

Radak: Pelishtim and Kaftorim are brothers - "Asher Yatz'u mi'Sham Pelishtim v'Es Kaftorim" (Bereishis 10:14). It says in Yirmeyah "Ki Shoded Hashem Es Pelishtim She'eris Iy Kaftor" (47:4).

Radak citing his father: Refer to 9:7:2:5.

Malbim: Pelishtim were conquered in ancient days - "veha'Avim... Kaftorim ha'Yotze'im mi'Kaftor Hishmidam va'Yeshevu Sachtam." Later, the exiles returned to Eretz Pelishtim - "Ki Shoded Hashem Es Pelishtim She'eris Iy Kaftor" (47:4). Also Aram - when I raise them, they are not a distinct nation. Pelishtim and Aram mixed with nations and became Batel among them. They are no longer Pelishtim and Aramim, rather, Kaftorim and Anshei Kir. Only Yisrael remained Yisrael and did not intermarry - "v'Noda ba'Goyim Zar'am" (Yeshayah 61:9).

Rashi: In the future I will raise Aram from Kir. Sancheriv will exile them to Kir ¹ , and when Malchus Ashur will cease, they will leave.

Malbim: Refer to 9:7:3:4.