Who should raise a flag?
Radak: This is a command not to any particular person or people, rather, to whoever will be. The same applies to "Tik'u Shofar." It is a metaphor, like "Re'e Rei'ach Bni" (Bereishis 27:27), "Emor la'Melech vela'Gevirah" (above, 13:18), "Chazku Yadayim Rafos", "Imru l'Nimharei Lev" (Yeshayah 35:3, 4).
What is the meaning of "Kadshu Aleha"?
Rashi: Prepare.
Radak: Inform about it.
What is the meaning of "Hashmi'u Aleha"?
Radak: Gather [people]. The same applies to "Hashmi'u El Bavel Rabim" (50:29), "va'Yshama Sha'ul Es ha'Am" (Shmuel I, 15:4)
What is the meaning of "Pikdu Aleha"?
Radak: This is appointment.
Radak: Prepare those who fight war (soldiers).
Above it says "Goyim". Why does it not say Goyim regarding "Pikdu" and "Ha'alu"?
Radak: Pikdu and Ha'alu apply only to Madai.
Why does it mention "Mamlechos Ararat Mini v'Ashkenaz"?
Radak: They came with Daryavesh. Targum Yonasan is 'Malchus Ar'a d'Kardu Mashiryas Hurminei v'Hadeiv.' (Malbim - to help Madai u'Faras), like it says
What is "Tifsar"?
Rashi: It is an expression of an army. (Or, it is an expression of a master.)
Radak: It is an officer. This is like "v'Tafserayich k'Gov Govai" (Nachum 3:17).
What is the meaning of "Ha'alu Sus"?
Radak citing Targum Yonasan: They should ascend their horses.
What is "[k'Yelek] Samar"?
Rashi: It is standing on edge, like "Tesamer Sa'aras Besari" (Iyov 4:15).
Radak: This is like "Samar mi'Pachdecha Besari" (Tehilim 119:120), "Tesamer Sa'aras Besari" (Iyov 4:15). It refers to shaking, like one whose hairs stand on edge.
Targum Yonasan: Mefanchin Ha chi'Zachala di'Metzalhev. Radak - Mefanchin is Dehirah (a horse banging its feet strongly on the ground). And so he translated "mi'Daharos Daharos Abirav" (Shoftim 5:22).
