Why did the Torah forbid us to make our animals work on Shabbos?
Seforno, Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: To enable the Avadim to rest on Shabbos.
What are the implications of the words "Shabbos la'Hashem Elokecha"?
Ramban #1: This refers briefly to remembering the Shabbos of the Creation, when Hashem rested from the work of the Creation. 1
Ramban #2: Refer to Sh'mos, 20:8:6:3*.
Ramban (on Pasuk 15): Which it was not necessary to mention in detail, having already done so in the first Dibros in Yisro and in other places.
Why does the Torah insert "Lema'an Yanu'ach Avd'cha va'Amoscha Kamocha" - which it did not insert in Yisro?
Rashi (in in Yevamos, 47b): To teach us that Avadim are obligated to keep Mitzvos. 1
Ramban and Seforno: The Torah inserts it here because, in conjunction with the next Pasuk ("Vezacharta ki Eved Hayisa ... "), the Torah is saying that just as Hashem removed the yoke of slavery from upon us by taking us out of Egypt, so too, should we allow our slaves to rest together with us each Shabbos. Because when we see our slaves resting on Shabbos, it will remind us of Yetzi'as Mitzrayim. And this was not applicable by the first Dibros in Yisro, which presents Shabbos as 'Zeicher le'Ma'aseh Bereishis" and not as 'Zeicher li'Yetzi'as Egypt'. 2
Because they were now about to leave the era of the desert and enter that of living in Eretz Yisrael where they would be obligated to work during the week. Refer to 5:12:1:4.
See Oznayim la'Torah. DH 'Lema'an Yanu'ach Avd'cha va'Amoscha' #1.
Presumably, because the Mitzvah to remember Yetzi'as Egypt (which all Yisrael witnessed) is predominantly in order to 'remember' the creation, which nobody actually saw. And since the generation that had just left Egypt did not need to be reminded about Yetzi'as Mitzrayim, the first Luchos went straight to the point and presented Shabbos as a 'reminder' of Ma'aseh Bereishis. See also Oznayim la'Torah on Pasuk 15, who explains that, although both sets of Aseres ha'Dibros were written on the LUchos, Yisrael only the first set at Har Sinai, whereass eard Moshe heard them both, aand he was not telling them what he hsd heard and they had not.
