1)

Does he eat in darkness?

1.

Rav Sadya Gaon: He goes 1 in darkness, with many afflictions.

2.

Ibn Ezra, Metzudas David: Yes; he does not eat during the day, for he is too distracted in his toil to gather money.

3.

Ri Kara: He goes 2 in darkness, without Torah, without a lamp, without Mitzvos, without a bathhouse 3 , and without good deeds. Since in this world he lacked a lamp, Torah, Mitzvos and good deeds, so he is buried naked, without a lamp or bathhouse. From here they said that it is a proper custom to bathe the Mes and purify it in hot water, and to light a lamp in front of it. There is a proof for this from Eichah Rabasi.

4.

Seforno: This Ashir does not acquire perfection with his wealth. All his days he eats 4 in darkness, without knowing the path on which eternal light will dwell.


1

Perhaps Rav Sadya Gaon's text was "Yelech"; refer to 5:16:1:3*. (PF)

2

It seems that the text in Koheles Rabah and R. Avigdor was Yelech, and also in Midrash Zuta and Yalkut Shimoni, but it was corrected to say Yochal. (PF)

3

So it says in Koheles Rabah on 6:4. (PF)

4

Perhaps the text in Seforno was 'Yelech', and it was corrected to say Yochal based on our texts of Koheles; refer to 5:16:3:3*. (PF)

2)

Why did he have much anger?

1.

Rashbam: It was due to his many thoughts while acquiring money.

2.

Seforno: He does not acquire extras like his desire.

3.

Metzudas David: It is due to his many affairs. Since they are many, not all can be like his desire.

3)

What is "v'Chalyo"?

1.

Rashi: It is v'Choli (and illness 1 ). The suffix Vov is extra, like "Chayso Ya'ar" (Tehilim 104:20).

2.

Seforno: This is the illness common among Ashirim - stinginess, like Chazal said 'the rich are frugal' (Menachos 86a). He lives in poverty, in order to die wealthy!

3.

Metzudas David: It is the illness that comes from much anger; from this came Katzef, and it became known to Rabim (refer to 5:16:4:1).


1

Ibn Ezra: It is illness of the Nefesh, i.e. fear.

4)

What is the difference between Ka'as and Katzef?

1.

Metzudas Tziyon: Ketzef is showing anger externally.

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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