Who does "Nefesh" incorporate?
Me'ilah, 18a: It incorporates a Yachid, a Nasi and a Kohen Mashi'ach. 1
See Torah Temimah, note 85.
What is the definition of Me'ilah?
Rashi: Me'ilah is - changing something 1 from Kodesh to Chol.
Rashbam: Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: 'Me'ilah' is dealing falsely with something that is Hekdesh. 2
Seforno (in Naso, 5:12): It means to desecrate something that is holy.
Rashi: As in Naso, Bamidar, 5:12. and in Divrei Hayamim 1, 5:25. See Torah Temimah, note 86.
In spite of the fact that he sinned be'Shogeg.
Why does the Torah wrrite here "Nefesh ki Sim'ol Ma'al ve'Chat'ah ... ", and in Pasuk 21 (in connection with the Asham Gezeilos) it reverses the order "Nefesh ki Sechetaa u'Ma'alah ma'al ... "?
Bava Basra, 88b: To teach us that Gezel Hedyot is worse than Gezel Gavohah (because, whereas Gezel Hedyot takes effect as soon as one steals tha article, Gezel Gavohah only takes effect after one derives benefit from it ? Rashbam). 1
Oznayim la'Torah: This in turn, is due to the principle that 'An article belonging to Hekdesh remains in the domain of Hekdesh wherever it is' until one either spoils it or derives benefit from it. See Oznayim la'Torah, who points out that in all other regards, Gezel Gavohah is the more stringent pf the two.
Why does the Torah use the double expression "Tim'al Ma'al"?
Rashi: To incorporate benefitting not through eating in the prohibition. 1
Me'ilah, 18b: To incorporate where he and his friend ate or had Hana'ah, where he ate and his friend had Hana'ah or vice-versa, be'Shogeg - to the amount of a P'rutah between them, 2 in which case both of them are Chayav an Asham Me'ilos ? even after a long period of time.
Me'ilah 19a: To include even where one changes an object of Hekdesh from one sort of Kodesh to another. 3
What are the connotations of "Vechat'ah bi'Shegagah'?
Where is the Azharah (warning) against benefiting from Hekdesh written?
The Gemata in Temurah, 3a learns from the same Gezeirah Shavah that the Kodshim of a Nochri is not subject to Me'ilah, just as a Nochri is not subject to Terumah. Whereas the Gemara in Me'ilah, 18b, learns from it that Me'ilah only applies if one spoile Hekdesh simultaneously with benfitting from it, that the same person who spoils it benefits from it and that the Kodesh article is detached from the ground and that a Shali'ach is only Mo'el, if he carried out his Shelichus. See Torah Temimah, notes 90-92.
Even though the Pasuk there is confined to eating. Refer to 5:15:1.2:1.
What are the implications of "mi'Kodshei Hashem"?
Rashi, citing the Sifra: It implies that Me'ilah is confined to Kodshei Kodshim, but does not apply to Kodshim Kalim. 1
Rashbam, Targum Onkelos and Targum Yonasan: It means simply that he benefitted from the Kodshim of Hashem.
Sifra: It teaches us that Me'ilah extends even to Olos, even though their skin is given to the Kohanim and to Kodshei Bedek ha'Bayis. 2
Why does the Torah add the (otherwise superfluous) words "es Ashamo"?
Sifra: To teach us that the Chiyuv to bring one's Asham extends even to after Yom Kipur. 1
Torah Temimah: To teach us that Yom Kipur will not atone unless the sinner brings his Asham.
Why is an 'Ayil' called by that name?
Rashi: Because it is a sheep in its second year - when it is strong. 1
See Rashi in Bereishis 31:38 and Sifsei Chachamim there.
What does "be'Erk'cha Kesef Shekalim" mean?
Targum Yonasan: It means that the value of the ram should be equivalent to the assessed benefit that one derived from the Hekdesh. 3
What are the implications of "be'Shekel ha'Kodesh"?
Sifra: It precludes Shekalim of other denominations, such as those of Bavel, Madai or Keputki.
Why are some sin offerings called 'Chatas' and some 'Asham'?
Ramban #1 and Moshav Zekenim (on Pasuk 6): 'Asham' is an expression of deep guilt, - worthy of being desolate (Shamam) 1 , whereas 'Chatas' is an expression of deviating from the path. 2
Ramban #2 (according to Kabalah): Chata'os, which are female animals, are called 'Chatas', 3 whereas Ashamos, which are males, are called 'Asham'. 4
Ramban and Moshav Zekenim: See for example Tehilim 5:11, Bereishis 42:21 and Hoshe'a, 14:1. Se Ramban DH 'Veheivi es Ashamo' as to why the reason cannot be because one is feminine and one, masculine, or because one comes for a bigger sin than the other.
As in Shoftim, 20:16 "ve'Lo Yachti" - they did not miss the target (Ramban).
See Rav Chavel's footnotes.
In spite of the fact that some Chata'os comprise bulls and he-goats (Ramban).
Why are six Korbanos called 'Ashamos', insinuating that they atone for bigger sins than those for which a Chatas atones?
Ramban: Because the Asham Gezeilos, 1 Asham Shifchah Charufah 2 and Asham Nazir 3 are even Chayav be'Meizid; the Asham Me'ilos, because it involves Kodshei Hashem and the Asham Metzora, 4 because a Metzora is considered dead, and whose status is therefore one of desolation. 5 Whereas as far as the Asham Taluy 6 is concerned, since it comes on a Safek and the sinner does not take it seriously, the Torah is strict with him, to the point that the minimum cost of an Asham Taluy is more than that of a Chatas Vadai. 7
