What is "Es Laledes"?
Rashi: It is [after pregnancy of] nine months.
Ibn Ezra: It is man's birth.
What is "Es Lamus"?
Rashi: It is the years fixed for every generation.
What is the connection of "Es Laledes" and "Es Lamus"?
Koheles Rabah: At the time of birth, even 1 the Satan becomes her prosecutor. Shemos Rabah 26:2 - when she sits on the birthing stool, there are 99 parts (opportunities) to die, and one to live.
Ibn Ezra: The verse discusses man's beginning and end. Yerushalmi Megilah 1:9 (cited roughly in R. Avigdor) - happy is one who is [clean from sin] at the time of his death like at the time of his birth!
Ri Kara: When a son is born to a man, he rejoices and makes others rejoice. If at the time of the Mishteh he would put to his heart that in the end the son will die, he would not rejoice 2 .
Seforno: The verse teaches that if not for a time of death, the cycle [of birth and death] would not persist 3 , for physical matter would be exhausted. The same applies to angelic matters. If one of them is too constant, the opposite will not occur, even at the proper time.
Metzudas David: Sometimes man wants to give birth, and sometimes he wants that the born should die.
Likutim on Koheles Rabah: The baby will live, even though his mother will die. (Erchin 7a says that the baby dies before the mother, unless someone kills her! - PF). R. Avigdor citing Koheles Rabah - the Satan often prosecutes at three times - one who lives in a rickety house, one who goes on the road alone, and one who embarks to the ocean. Some Chachamim would command [about their property, if they will die] before going on the road or entering a rickety bathhouse.
I.e. birth is a time to rejoice, via ignoring what will be in the end. (PF)
Chavah gave birth before death was decreed (Sanhedrin 38b)! Perhaps this is why Seforno said 'the cycle would not persist.' However, why does birth depend on the cycle? Normally, Mesim are buried in coffins, and their physical matter [albeit rotten] remains there! (PF).
What does "Lata'as" refer to?
Rashi: [Planting of] nations and kingdoms.
Ibn Ezra: [Planting of] tree. The times are not only for man, They are also for trees!
Rashbam, R. Avigdor: Shalom is a time for planting.
Ri Kara: When one plants, he rejoices. If at the time he would put to his heart that in the end he will need to uproot it, he would not rejoice. The same applies to all of these times. Sometimes it mentions a Simchah that in the end it will be sadness, and sometimes vice-versa.
Why does it say "v'Es La'akor Natu'a"?
Rashi: A time will come when [the nations and kingdoms] will be uprooted.
Rashbam, R. Avigdor: This is a time of war. Rashbam - all the coming times are included in "Es Milchamah v'Es Shalom" (8), except for "Es Laledes" and "Es Lachashos v'Es Ledaber" (7) according to the simple meaning. Therefore, it says "Es Milchamah v'Es Shalom" at the end of all of them.
Metzudas David: It is a time to uproot planted trees.
