What are the ramifications of "Es Shabsosai Tishmoru"? Why does the Pasuk insert it here?
Rashi #1 and Ramban: Refer to 26:1:1:1.
Rashi #2: Refer to 26:2:4:3.
Seforno: To teach us that even at a time when we serve other nations, we are obligated to keep Shabbos, even though Shabbos commemorates freedom. 1
Moshav Zekenim citing Targum Yerushalmi: Guard My Shabbasos ? Shemitah, and fear My Mikdash ? Yovel, for it is written "Kodesh Tih'yeh Lachem."
See Va'eschanan, Devarim, 5:15. See also Ba'al ha'Turim.
Why does the Torah write here "Shabbosai Tishmoru" and in Va'eschanan, Devarim, 5:12 "Shamor es Yom ha'Shabbos" (in the reverse order)?
Ba'al ha'Turim: To obligate the Mitzvah of Tosefes Shabbos (adding to Shabbos) 1 both before it comes in and after it goes out.
What are the ramifications of "u'Mikdashi Tira'u"?
Rashi #2: Refer to 26:2:4:2.
Ramban: It teaches us that an Eved Ivri is even Chayav to fulfill the Mitzvah of Aliyas ha'Regel on Pesach, Shavu'os and Sukos. 1
Seforno: It teaches us that we must treat the Batei Kenesiyos and the Batei Midrash 2 with awe ? even though the Beis-Hamikdash has been destroyed.
Targum Yonasan: It means that when one goes to the Beis-Hamikdash, one should go with awe. 3
Seforno: Which the Navi (Yechezkel, 11:16) calls 'Mikdash Me'at'.
B'rachos, 54a: It entails not acting lightheartedly anywhere in line with the eastern gate ? which is in turn, in line with the Kodesh Kodshim (See Rashi B'rachos, 54a DH 'Lo Yeikal Rosho') and not entering the Har ha'Bayis with one's staff, one's money-belt or with the dust on one's feet or wearing shoes, or not taking a shortcut through it.
Why does the Torah mention specifically Avodah-Zarah, Shabbos and fear of the Mikdash?
Rashi (in Shevu'os, 15b): The Torah inserts Shemiras Shabbos and Mora Mikdash and adds "Ani Hashem", to teach us that Binyan Beis-Hamikdash does not override Shabbos. 1
Ramban #1: Because they are the most important Mitzvos. However, the same applies to all the Mitzvos.
Ramban #2: Because they incorporate all the Mitzvos. 2
Moshav Zekenim #1 (citing Yevamos 6b): Shabbos is placed next to Mora Mikdash, to teach us that Mora Mikdash applies, even after the Churban, just like Shabbos (about which the Torah writes "Os Hi le'Olam" ? Da'as Zekenim). And Shabbos is placed next to idolatry to teach us that anyone who observes Shabbos, even if he serves idolatry like the generation of Enosh is pardoned 3 (Shabbos 118b). 4
Moshav Zekenim #2: The Torah needs to warn about Shabbos, because there is a Heter to transgress Shabbos in the Beis-Mikdash. The Beis ha'Mikdash was destroyed due to Chilul Hashem, as the Navi writes in Yirmiyah, and in the merit of Shabbos it will be rebuilt. 5
Oznayim la'Torah: Because Shabbos inplants Yir'as Shamayim in to the hearts of those who observe it, 6 thereby facilitating Mora Mikdash. 7
Rashi (Ibid.): Since 'Both you and the Mikdash are duty-bound to honor Me!'.
R. Bachye: Shabbos incorporates the Mitzvos Asei, and Mikdash, the Mitzvos Lo Sa'aseh (See also R. Chavel's footnotes).
Moshav Zekenim: Anyone who admits to idolatry, it is as if he denied the entire Torah (Rashi in Sh'lach-l'cha, Bamidbar 15:22)/ All his Mitzvos are worth nothing (Ramban, ibid.)! Yuma 86b - Teshuvah for Aveiros of Misas Beis Din and Kares, brings Kaparah only after afflictions. If he observes Shabbos properly, he is pardoned without this (Taz, Reish OC 242). (Alternatively, the Gemara is not discussing someone who ascribes power to idolatry, but someone who serves like the generation of Enosh (because he thinks that Hashem wants us to honor His servants ? Rambam, Hilchos Avodah Zarah 1:1); and it says 'even', since even this form of idolatry is a grave sin. - PF).
The Torah writes about Shabbos - in KI Sisa Sh'mos, 31:14 "Mechalelehah Mos Yumas", and about Dor Enosh - Bereishis 4:26 "Az Huchal Likro be'Shem Hashem".
As the Navi writes in Yeshayah 56:4 & 7 "Yishm'ru es Shabsosai? "va'Havi'osim el Har Kodshi".
See Oanayim la'Torah, who elaborates.
Oznayim la'Torah: In fact, the two run along parallel lines, since they both sanctify Yisrael, one in time, the other, in location.
Why does the Torah add "Ani Hashem" here?
Rashi #1: To teach us that Hashem is faithful to reward those who keep His Mitzvos.
Rashi #2 (in Shavu'os, 15b, citing the first Perek of Yevamos): The Pasuk teaches us that building the Beis-Hamikdash does not override Shabbos, 1 because Yisrael and the Beis-Hamikdash are obligated to honor Hashem.
Rashi: And Yom-Tov is included in Shabbos.
