What is the definition of "Sefi'ach Ketzircha"?
Rashi and Targum Yonasan: 'Sefichim' are crops that grow from seeds that fell during the harvest - that one did not plant - which are included in the Isur. 1
Ramban: 'Sefichim' are crops that grow in a field that was not plowed and that were not planted. 2
Ramban: R. Akiva forbids all Sefichim mi'd'Oraisa. Accordeing to the Chachamim however, they are Asur only mi'de'Rabbanan, in case people will plant them and say that they grew by themselves. (See DH 've'Achshav' and 'u'le'Kach' and subsequent Diburim, where he elaborates at length). Moshav Zekenim (citing Rashi, Pesachim 51b): R. Akiva forbids Sefichim mi'd'Oraisa after Bi'ur (when they are no longer available in the field); The Rabbanan, however forbid then even beforehan. If so, how do the Rabanan explain the Torah Isur of harvesting Sefichim (P.F)?
Ramban and Moshav Zekenim: And they are so-called because, technically, they are 'joined' (Nispach) to last-year's crops. See Yeshayah, 14:1.
What are the connotations of "Lo Siktzor" and "Lo Sivtzor"?
Rashi: It is a prohibition against harvesting one's crops and one's grapes like an owner - without making the Hefker. 1
Ramban and Targum Onkelos: It is a prohibition against harvesting the crops and the grapes that one fenced in like an owner and did not declare Hefker. 2
Yerushalmi Shevi'is, 8:6: It implies a prohibition against harvesting the corn and the grapes in a regular manner - but permits it if it is done with a Shinuy (in an unconventional way). 3
What are "Invei Nezirecha"?
Rashi: They are vines that one separated people from them (by fencing them in) ? which one did not make Hefker.
Ramban and Targum Yonasan: "Invei Nezirecha" 1 are (eqivalent to "Sefi'ach Ketzircha" - Ramban) 2 ? vines which one did not cultivate, on which the grapes grew by themselves. 3
Oznayim la'Torah: They are so-called, because the unpruned branches hanging from the vine are reminiscent of the long uncut hair of a Nazir.
Refer to 25:5:1:2.7. Ramban: Likewise "Lo Sivtzor" by grapes is equivalent to "Lo Siktzor" by crops, and so, throughout the Parshah, the Torah compares the Din of a vineyard to that of a cornfield - and so we find in Mishpatim Sh'mos, 23:11 "Sheish Shanim Tizra es Artzecha, ve'ha'Shevi'is Tishm'tenah u'Netashtah; Kein Ta'aseh le'Karm'cha".
What are the connotations of "ve'es Invei Nezirecha Lo Sivtzor"?
Rashi: It is a prohibition against harvesting the grapes from which one separated people, 1 only from those that are Hefker (even though they were initially guarded).
Ramban and Targum Yonasan: It is a prohibition against harvesting one's vines from which one separated oneself, as if one did not own them 2 - by not working, digging or pruning them, 3 the fruit of which the owner is forbidden to harvest for himself. 4
See Sifsei Chachamim.
Ramban: As in Yechezkel, 14:5 and above, 22:2. The owner must declare them Hefker, since he has no more rights to them than the poor and the animals. Targum Onkelos calls them 'abandoned' (to worms and desolation, or because thorns will grow there), In fact, the Torah refers to them as "Invei Nezirecha", because, like a Nazir's vineyard; he is obligated to abandon it. See Ramban DH 'u'Peirush ha'Kasuv'.
Refer to 25:5:3:2. Ramban: But if the owner guarde them, they remain forbiddem ? even if he subsequently made them Hefker.
See Ramban DH 've'Hinei'.
And the same applies to "Lo Siktzar" regarding the crops.
Having already said in the previous Pasuk "Shabbas Shabbason Yih'yeh la'Aretz", why does the Torah repeat "Sh'nas Shabbason Yih'yeh la'Aretz"?
Sifra: To teach us that with the termination of Sh'mitah, the owner is permitted to work on the tree, even though the fruit that is on it remains forbidden until Tu bi'Shevat. 1
See Torah Temimah., note 16.
Bearing in mind that Sh'mitah begins in Tishri, why does the Torah discuss Sefichim, which only appear after Pesach, before "Nezirecha" (vine branches that one cuts off already in Tishri)?
