1)

What is the meaning of "Afafuni"?

1.

Rashi: I am surrounded. Malbim (Tehilim 18:5) - death is on one side, and enemies on the other side.

2)

What are "Mishberei Maves"?

1.

Rashi citing Targum Yonasan 1 : It is like a woman sitting on the Mashber (stone on which women give birth).

2.

Radak #1: They are great afflictions close to death, e.g. at Sela ha'Machlekos (Shmuel I, 23:28). They are Shover (break) the heart via his worries.

3.

Radak #2: It is a metaphor, as if it says waves of death. Strong waves are called Mashberim - "Kol Mishbarecha v'Galecha Alai Avru" (Tehilim 42:8). A wave is called so because it is broken through its strong movement.


1

The Targum adds 'she does not have strength to give birth, and she is in danger.'

3)

What are "Nachalei Veliya'al"?

1.

Rashi: They are troops [of Resha'im] who flood like a river.

2.

Radak #1: This is a metaphor. Like a flooding river, so is a great affliction.

3.

Radak #2: This is an expression of illness, like "Nachlah Makasecha" (Nachum 3:19, Yirmeyah 30:12).

4)

What is "Veliya'al"?

1.

Radak #1: Every Rasha of his enemies is called Beliya'al.

2.

Radak #2: Beliya'al is the name of the Rasha.

3.

Radak citing Targum Yonasan: A company of Resha'im.

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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