What is the meaning of "Afafuni"?
Rashi: Many times Resha'im surrounded me. This is like "Afefu Alai Ra'os" (40:13). Malbim - death is on one side, and enemies on the other side.
Radak (6) citing Shochar Tov: This is part of a hint of the four kingdoms [that subjugated Yisrael]. Afafuni Chevlei Maves is Bavel, Nachalei Veliya'al Yeva'asuni is Madai, Chevlei She'ol Sevavuni is Yavan, and Kidmuni Mokshei Maves is Edom. Death is written regarding Bavel and Edom, for they destroyed the two Batei ha'Mikdash.
What are "Chevlei Maves"?
Rashi: It is camps of enemies. This is like Chevel Nevi'im (Shmuel I, 10:5).
Rashi citing Targum Yonasan 1 : It is like a woman sitting on the Mashber (stone on which women give birth). Radak #1 - Chevlei with Segol under the Ches is like Chevlei Yoledes; they are similar 2 . They are great afflictions close to death, e.g. at Sela ha'Machlekos (Shmuel I, 23:28), and the Pelishti, when Avishai helped him (Shmuel II, 21:17).
Radak #2: It is a metaphor, as if it says waves of death. Strong waves are called Mashberim - "Kol Mishbarecha v'Galecha Alai Avru" (Tehilim 42:8). A wave is called so because it is broken through its strong movement.
Perhaps he cites Targum Yonasan in Shmuel II, 22:5 of "Mishberei Maves", which adds 'she does not have strength to give birth, and she is in danger.' (PF) Yonason did not translate Kesuvim (Megilah 3a)! Rashba (3a) - the Targum that we have on Kesuvim is from a later Tana.
Radak: "Chavlei Menasheh" (Yehoshua 17:5), with a Patach under the Ches, is different (portions).
What are "Nachalei Veliya'al"?
Rashi: They are troops [of Resha'im] who flood like a river.
Radak #1: This is a metaphor. Like a flooding river, so is a great affliction.
Radak #2: This is an expression of illness, like "Nachlah Makasecha" (Nachum 3:19, Yirmeyah 30:12).
Refer to 18:5:1:2.
What is "Veliya'al"?
Radak #1: Every Rasha of his enemies is called Beliya'al.
Radak #2: Beliya'al is the name of the Rasha.
Radak based on Targum Yonasan in Shmuel II, 22:5: A company of Resha'im.
