1)
What does "Shamayim" refer to?
1.
Radak: It is the Klal of all Galgalim and stars.
2.
Radak (4): It is the Raki'a.
3.
Malbim: It is natural conduct.
2)
Why does it say that he makes Shamayim "bi'Svunah"?
1.
Radak: He makes them, and is Mechadesh them with His Tevunah (understanding).
2.
Malbim: Chachmah is always attributed to creation of the land, and Tevunah to the work of Shamayim. Chachmah distinguishes between good and evil; Tevunah distinguishes between Emes and Sheker. The entities of Shamayim exist forever; there is no concept of Emes and Sheker there. It is present tense, for He constantly renews them. Sustaining the creation is a constant creation.
