1)

What slaves were on horses?

1.

Rashi: The Kasdim (of Bavel) - "Zeh ha'Am Lo Hayah" (Yeshayah 23:13). They ascended to be on horses, leading Bnei Yisrael captive in chains.

2.

Ibn Ezra: "Yesh" (5) applies also to this; it happens sporadically.

3.

Rashbam: This explains "Nitan ha'Sechel" (6). The slaves act like masters and officers, and ride on horses.

4.

Rid: Slaves who rose to grandeur.

5.

Seforno: A foolish king elevates the lowly.

2)

What is the significance of officers going on the ground like slaves?

1.

Rashi: [Officers of Yisrael] went in front of the wagons of the Kasdim.

2.

Rashbam: They did not ride on horses; the elevated are below, and the lowly are on top.

3.

Rid: Officers who descended from their grandeur. All this is "ki'Shegagah she'Yotza mi'Lifnei ha'Shalit" (5); it is improper.

4.

Seforno: A foolish king lowers the officers and esteemed of the nation.

5.

Metzudas David: It is proper for slaves to walk by foot.

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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