Who is "Nochel"?
Rashi: He is Misnakel (lies) in front of Me, to say that he has no better animal than this.
Radak: He thinks an evil thought and acts with guile. The Dagush form of this is "Asher Nikelu Lachem" (Bamidbar 25:18), "va'Yisnakelu Oso Lahamiso" (Bereishis 37:18). The Targum of "Lehargo v'Armah" (Shemos 21:14) is Lemiktele bi'Nchilu.
Malbim: It is one who thinks schemes of sin via his Kelayah (kidney).
What is the significance of having a male?
Rashi: He has a ram proper for an Olah, and he vows a Zevach 1 (Shelamim, which can be a female).
Radak: He has an unblemished male. This is understood from context. Similarly, "ka'Tzemer Yihyu" (Yeshayah 1:18) - like white wool, and similar verses.
Malbim: [Even if his Korban must be a male, e.g. Olah,] he has no excuse that he had no other animal for a Korban.
Does the verse denounce him for this?! (PF)
Why does it mention "Noder"?
Radak: There is a Korban Kosher for a Nedavah, but not for a Neder 1 , e.g. "Saru'a v'Kalut [Nedavah Ta'aseh Oso ul'Neder Lo Yeratzeh]" (Vayikra 22:23). Therefore it teaches that even for a Neder, they bring Mashchas (refer to 1:14:5:1).
Malbim: This is one of his evils. He should have made the male a Nedavah 2 (said 'this is a Korban'). Rather, he said a Neder 'Harei Alai', and waits until he does not have a male.
I.e. one may say 'Harei Zeh [Shelamim or Olah...]', but if he vowed to bring a Korban, he is not Yotzei with it. Ramban on that verse says so, but he concludes like Pesachim 42a and Sifra (7:7:6) that it is like all Ba'alei Mumim. It may be a Nedavah to Bedek ha'Bayis, but not a Korban for the Mizbe'ach. (PF)
Nedarim 9b: Tzadikim make Nedavos, for there is no Achrayus. They do not make Nedarim, lest they be unable to fulfill. Malbim did not explain so, for it is not connected to having a male in his flock. (PF)
What do we learn from "v'Zove'ach"?
Malbim: This is another evil. He should have offered an Olah, which is totally to Hashem, and he is Zove'ach (offers Shelamim 1 ), in which the owner eats the meat.
Chagigah 1:5: Why is he cursed for this? If he has only one male, if he offers it, his flock will cease to reproduce! Perhaps we discuss one who was obligated to bring an Olah, e.g. for Bitul Mitzvas Aseh. Perhaps he has one Tam male, and others with Mumim. (PF)
What is "Mashchas"?
Rashi: It is a Ba'al Mum, like "Mashchasam Bahem" (Vayikra 22:25). Radak - it is from the root Hashchasah (ruin). Malbim - this is his third evil. He should bring Tam, and he brings "Mashchas" (a Ba'al Mum).
Why does it say "Ki Melech Gadol Ani"?
Radak: How do you disgrace Me?!
Malbim: This is why he is cursed. The punishment of one who profanes the king's honor is according to his grandeur.
Why does it mention "u'Shmi Nora va'Goyim"?
Radak, Malbim: They are in awe of Me, and you, whom I loved more than all Goyim, do not fear Me!
