Why does it say "Hashem mi'Tziyon Yish'ag [umi'Yrushalayim Yiten Kolo]"?
Rashi: The Dibur comes out of Beis Kodesh ha'Kodoshim.
Radak: The Shechinah is in Tziyon and Yerushalayim. The matter is repeated in different words. Roaring and giving His voice are a Mashal for Nevu'ah ? "Arye Sha'ag Mi Lo Yira Hashem Elokim Diber Mi Lo Yinavei" (3:8).
Malbim: This explains "Shenasayim Lifnei ha'Ra'ash" ? the Ra'ash began as a roar in Tziyon, and was lower (Kolo) in Yerushalayim. It spread to all cities of Eretz Yisrael. Kol Hashem is of strength ? it agitated the land from its place, and its pillars shudder. This was one Nevu'ah before the event came. Also refer to 1:2:2:3.
What do we learn from "v'Avlu Ne'os ha'Ro'im"?
Rashi citing Targum Yonasan: The dwellings of the kings will be desolate, and their strong cities will be destroyed.
Radak: This is the Nevu'ah ? the dwellings of the shepherds will mourn due to withholding of rain. "V'Avlu" is ruin, like "Al Ken Te'eval ha'Aretz" (Hoshe'a 4:3).
Malbim: This was his second Nevu'ah before the event came ? there will be famine to the point that the dwellings of shepherds will mourn, for there will be no pasture for animals.
What is "Rosh ha'Karmel"?
Radak: The best of the Karmel. Karmel is a general term for a place of seed ? fields and vineyards. The best, fattest places will be ruined, and all the more so this mountain (Tziyon)!
Malbim: There it is always full of moist grain (it will be dry).
