The reference numbers below that appear in parentheses (e.g., TY #43) represent vessels or parts of the structure of the Beis ha'Mikdash. The labeling follows that of the diagram of the Tiferes Yisrael. This diagram, which has been included in a separate mailing and can also be found on our site (at http://www.dafyomi.co.il/midos/mids-charts.htm), is printed both in the Tiferes Yisrael Mishnayos (Midos Chapter 2 or following Midos) and in Rav P. Kahati's Mishnayos (page 290, at the beginning of Midos).
[34a - 38 lines; 34b - 34 lines]
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We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach and the marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any other important corrections that Acharonim have pointed out in the Mishnah, Gemara and Rosh.
[1] Gemara 34a [line 22]:
Should be corrected as suggested by Shitah Mekubetzes #3
[2] Gemara 34a [line 26]:
Should be corrected as suggested by Shitah Mekubetzes #4
[3] Rosh 34b [seven lines before Mishnah 7]:
The words "d'Lishkas Beis ha'Moked" ãìùëú áéú äîå÷ã
should be "d'Lishkas ha'Tela'im" ãìùëú äèìàéí
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1)[line 2]ùåîøéíSHOMRIM
There is a Mitzvas Aseh to guard the Mikdash and to patrol it every night, as the verse states "v'Shamru Es Mishmeres Ohel Mo'ed" - "and they shall keep the charge of the Tent of Meeting" (Bamidbar 18:4). The purpose for guarding it is in order to glorify the Beis ha'Mikdash; not to safeguard it from thieves and enemies (SEFER HA'CHINUCH #388; see Insights). There is also a prohibition to interrupt the Shemirah, which is learned from the verse "u'Shmartem Es Mishmeres ha'Kodesh" (Bamidbar 18:5). (SEFER HA'CHINUCH #391)
2)[line 3]áéú àáèéðñBEIS AVTINAS- VS #63, TY #34 (see Insights to Tamid 25:1). This Lishkah had an upper story where a Kohen stood guard. It is the place where the Ketores was made.
3)[line 3]ááéú äðéöåõBEIS HA'NITZOTZ- VS #57, TY #40. This Lishkah was a portico, open on one side, with an upper story where a Kohen stood guard. According to the ROSH (Tamid 25b), it was given this name because the sunlight shone into it, making it very well-lit.
4)[line 3]áéú äîå÷ãBEIS HA'MOKED- VS #51, TY #43 (see Insights to Tamid 25:2). The Fireplace Room was a large, domed room where Kohanim could warm themselves. (They became chilled easily while working barefoot outdoors, on cold, marble floors.)
5)[line 5]çîéùä ùòøé äø äáéúCHAMISHAH SHA'AREI HAR HA'BAYIS- VS #2-5, TY #2, 3, 5, 6. The five gates of Har ha'Bayis
6)[line 6]çîéùä ùòøé äòæøäCHAMISHAH SHA'AREI HA'AZARAH- VS #51, 57-59, 64, TY #18, 34-37, 40-43. Five of the gates of the Azarah — see Insights to Tamid 26:3
7)[line 7]ìùëú ä÷øáïLISHKAS HA'KORBAN- VS #55, TY #43. Lishkas ha'Tela'im, the Chamber of Lambs, also known as the Lishkas ha'Korban or Lishkas Tela'ei Korban, was the southwestern chamber of the Beis ha'Moked TY #43). The lambs for the Korban Tamid were checked for four days prior to being offered to ensure that they had no Mum (blemish).
8)[line 8]ìùëú äôøåëúLISHKAS HA'PAROCHES- The chamber where the Paroches was woven (its location is not known).
9)[line 8]àçåøé áéú äëôåøúACHOREI BEIS HA'KAPORES- VS #50, TY #38. The eleven Amos behind the Heichal, between the Heichal and the western wall of the Azarah
10)[line 9]àéù äø äáéúISH HAR HA'BAYIS- the officer in charge of guarding the Beis ha'Mikdash (see Shekalim 5:1, "Ben Bavi Al ha'Peki'a," a reference to this officer who would whip the Leviyim if they fell asleep)
11)[line 21]ùåùï äáéøä öåøäSHUSHAN HA'BIRAH TZURAH- a structure on top of the eastern gate of Har ha'Bayis (RAMBAM; according to the RASH, it was on top of the eastern gate of the Azarah, which led into the Ezras Nashim, VS #10). On this structure was a relief sculpture of the capital of Persia, Shushan. The sculpture was built in honor of the King of Persia who helped build the Beis ha'Mikdash. The Amora'im (Menachos 98a) argue as to the ultimate reason for this sculpture: (a) so that they should remember where they came from (and that they had once been exiled due to their sins. Once they remember this, they will give thanks to their King, the King of all kings, who took them out of Persia — RASHI to Menachos 98a); or (b) to remind the Jews that they still were not completely free, and they needed to be subservient to the Persian Empire
12)[line 23]äôøäHA'PARAH (PARAH ADUMAH)
(a)The Parah Adumah, an exclusively red-haired cow, is burned on Har ha'Zeisim and its ashes are used for making a person Tahor if he is Tamei Mes (Bamidbar 19:1-22). Only a cow that has not had a yoke placed upon it and has had no other work done with it is fit to be used as a Parah Adumah (Bamidbar 19:2).
(b)A place is prepared for its slaughter on Har ha'Zeisim, opposite the gate to the Azarah (the courtyard of the Beis ha'Mikdash). The Kohen Gadol and all of the Kohanim who help him in the preparation of the Parah Adumah exit from this gate. After it is slaughtered, its blood is sprinkled in the direction of the Beis ha'Mikdash seven times.
(c)Sereifas ha'Parah (burning the cow) is also performed on Har ha'Zeisim. A cedar branch, some Ezov branches and a piece of crimson wool, are thrown into the carcass of the cow while it is burning (Bamidbar 19:6).
(d)If a person (or utensil) became Tamei through touching Tum'as Mes or being in the same room as a corpse or something that is Metamei b'Ohel, he must wait seven days to become Tahor. On the third and seventh days he must have spring water mixed with the ashes of the Parah Adumah (Mei Chatas) sprinkled on him. A person who is Tahor dips three Ezov branches that have been bound together into the mixture, and sprinkles them on the person who is Tamei. On the seventh day, he immerses in a Mikvah after the mixture is sprinkled on him in order to complete his Taharah (Bamidbar 19:17-19).
13)[line 23]îñòãéäMAS'ADEHA- (lit. her helpers) the Kohanim and Zekenim who helped in the preparation of the Parah Adumah
14)[line 25]ùòø äãì÷SHA'AR HA'DELEK- VS #54, TY #36. The Gate of Kindling through which wood was brought for the Mizbe'ach
15)[line 26]ùòø (ä÷øáï) [äáëåøåú]SHA'AR (HA'KORBAN) [HA'BECHOROS]- VS #59, TY #35. The Gate of the Firstborn through which the offerings of first born animals were brought
16)[line 26]ùòø äîéíSHA'AR HA'MAYIM- VS #64, TY #33. The Water Gate, opposite the Mizbe'ach, was opened only on Sukos to bring water for the Nisuch ha'Mayim (see Background to Me'ilah 13:6). A stream known as the "Amah" passed through the Azarah and flowed through this gate. When necessary, its flow was blocked, causing it to overflow and cleanse the Azarah floor.
17)[line 27]ùòø ð÷ðåøSHA'AR NIKANOR- VS #17, TY #18. The Gate of Nikanor, the eastern gate of the Azarah, named for the man who donated the brass doors of the gate (see Yoma 38a). Although all of the other gates of the Azarah had the Kedushah of the Azarah, Sha'ar Nikanor only had the Kedushah of Har ha'Bayis. (For a discussion of the different levels of Kedushah of the Beis ha'Mikdash compound, see Background to Menachos 95:13.) The Chachamim arranged this so that a Metzora could stick his head, right hand and right foot into the Azarah while standing under the archway of the gate.
18)[line 28]ìùëú ôðçñ äîìáéùLISHKAS PINCHAS HA'MALBISH- VS #19, TY #20. The Room of Pinchas the Dresser, named for the man who was originally in charge of distributing and collecting the Kohanim's clothes. It contained 96 closets where sets of clothes were kept for each of the 24 families of Kohanim. (The Kohanim were divided into 24 Mishmaros (watches), each serving in the Beis ha'Mikdash for one week at a time; see Background to Tamid 25:10.)
19)[line 29]ìùëú òåùä çáéúéïLISHKAS OSEH CHAVITIN- VS #19, TY #21. The room where the twelve Chavitin of the Kohen Gadol were baked every morning (They were offered daily in two parts, half in the morning and half in the afternoon; see Background to Tamid 28:10.)
20)[line 30]àëñãøäACHSADRA- a portico; a covered area that is enclosed on three sides and open on the fourth
21)[line 31]òìéäALIYAH- an upper story
22)[line 32]çéìCHEIL- VS #8, TY #8. The ten-Amah wide corridor around the Azarah of the Beis ha'Mikdash. Twelve steps covered by an awning extended the entire length of the corridor and were used for seating.
23)[line 34]÷éèåðåú ôúåçåú ìèø÷ìéïKITONOS PESUCHOS L'TRAKLIN- rooms that open up to a large hall
24)[line 34]øàùé (ôéùôùéï) [ôñôñéï]ROSHEI (PISHPESHIN) [PISPESIN]- (a) the ends of beams [that stuck out of the wall] (TIFERES YISRAEL); (b) according to the Girsa "ROSHEI PESIPASIN" - a small partition of mosaic tiles that stuck out of the floor (or that were set into the floor)
25)[line 36]ìùëú [èìàé] ÷øáïLISHKAS [TELA'EI] KORBAN- VS #55, TY #43. Lishkas ha'Tela'im, the Chamber of Lambs, also known as the Lishkas ha'Korban or Lishkas Tela'ei Korban, was the southwestern chamber of the Beis ha'Moked (TY #43). The lambs for the Korban Tamid were checked for four days prior to being offered to ensure that they had no Mum (blemish).
26)[line 36]ìùëú òåùä ìçí äôðéíLISHKAS OSEH LECHEM HA'PANIM- VS #53, TY #43. The Chamber of the Bakers of the Lechem ha'Panim was the southeastern chamber of the Beis ha'Moked.
27)[line 37]áä âðæå áðé çùîåðàé àú àáðé äîæáç ùù÷öåí îìëé éåïBAH GANZU BNEI CHASHMONA'I ES AVNEI HA'MIZBE'ACH SHE'SHIKTZUM MALCHEI YAVAN- VS #52, TY #43. The Lishkas ha'Chosamos (Chamber of the Seals), where a treasurer would sell the seals/stamps that entitled their purchaser to receive Nesachim, was the northeastern chamber of the Beis ha'Moked (TY #43). This is also the chamber where the Chashmona'im hid away the stones of the Mizbe'ach that the Greeks defiled.
28)[last line]áä éåøãéí ìáéú äèáéìäBAH YORDIM L'VEIS HA'TEVILAH- VS #54, TY #43. The Lishkas Beis ha'Moked (Chamber of the Hearth) was the northwestern chamber of the Beis ha'Moked (TY #43). It was given this name because it was the chamber that served the people in the Beis ha'Moked (VILNA GA'ON). From it, a winding stairwell led to an underground passage, which ended in a Mikvah, and restrooms. (According to the Tiferes Yisrael, in the morning a fire was lit here for the Kohanim who became Tamei during the night and who had immersed in the Mikvah.)
34b----------------------------------------34b
29)[line 3]ôùôù ÷èïPISHPESH KATAN- a small door or gate contained in (or next to) a larger one
30)[line 4]ìáìåù àú äòæøäLIVLOSH ES HA'AZARAH- to check the Azarah [in order to insure that a) all utensils were in their proper places (RABEINU GERSHON); b) no one on guard fell asleep (in which case they would be hit) (ROSH)]
31)[line 5]ëéôäKIPAH- a domed structure
32)[line 5]øáéãéï ùì àáïREVIDIN SHEL EVEN- stone slabs
33)[line 7]ôøçé ëäåðäPIRCHEI KEHUNAH- and young Kohanim (see Insights to Tamid 27:1)
34)[line 7]ëñåúåKESUSO- (a) his clothing (MEFARESH to Tamid 25b); (b) according to the Girsa ëñúå KESASO - his pillow (ROSH to Tamid 25b)
35)[line 15]àéøò ÷øé áàçã îäïIRA KERI L'ECHAD MEHEN (TUM'AS KERI)
A man who has emitted Keri (semen) becomes a Rishon l'Tum'ah. He may not enter the Machaneh Leviyah (i.e. Har ha'Bayis, the Temple Mount), nor may he eat Ma'aser, Terumah or Kodshim. After he immerses in a Mikvah during the day, he becomes Tahor and may eat Ma'aser and enter Machaneh Leviyah once again (mid'Oraisa — the Rabanan however prohibited him from entering the Ezras Nashim (TY #10) until nightfall). He remains a "Tevul Yom" until nightfall, after which he may once again eat Terumah or Kodshim.
PEREK #2 HAR HA'BAYIS
36)[line 23]øåáå îï äãøåíRUBO MIN HA'DAROM- the widest open area on Har ha'Bayis was south of the Azarah, between the Azarah and the wall of Har ha'Bayis
37)[line 28]îé ùàøòå ãáøMI SHE'EIRA'O DAVAR- one to whom a misfortune occurred (as the Mishnah will explain presently)
38)[line 29]îä ìê î÷éó ìùîàì?MAH LECHA MAKIF LI'SMOL?- [those on Har ha'Bayis will ask him,] "Why are you circling around to the left? [What happened?]"
39)[line 29]ùàðé àáìSHE'ANI AVEL- [if he answers,] "Because I am an Avel (a close relative of mine died within the previous year)"
40)[line 29]äùåëï ááéú äæä éðçîêHA'SHOCHEN BA'BAYIS HA'ZEH YENACHEMCHA- [they say to him,] "The One Who dwells in this house should comfort you"
41)[line 30]ùàðé îðåãäSHE'ANI MENUDEH (NIDUY)
(a)The minimum period of Niduy (excommunication) is thirty days in Eretz Yisrael or seven days in Bavel and elsewhere. If the Menudeh does not repent from his ways he is put into Niduy for a second thirty-day period. If he still does not repent, he is then put into Cherem. The laws of Cherem are much more stringent.
(b)No one may come within four Amos of the Menudeh, except for his wife and family. He is not permitted to eat or drink with other people, nor is he included in a Zimun or any other Mitzvah that requires a quorum of ten men. He may not wash his clothes, shave or take a haircut or wear shoes. Learning and teaching Torah, however, are permitted, as well as engaging in work. The last two are not permitted to a Muchram, who must learn by himself and engage in work to the minimum that will provide him daily sustenance. People may speak with the Menudeh or the Muchram unless Beis Din specifically prohibits it.
(c)Even if the period of Cherem or Niduy has ended, a person remains in Niduy or Cherem until his status is annulled by three commoners or by an expert sage, after he repents of his ways (SHULCHAN ARUCH Yoreh De'ah 334:27 and REMA ibid. 334:24)
42)[line 30]äùåëï ááéú æä éúï (áìáê) [áìáí] åé÷øáåêHA'SHOCHEN BA'BAYIS HA'ZEH YITEN (B'LIBECHA) [B'LIBAM] VI'YEKARVUCHA- [they say to him,] "The One Who dwells in this house should put it into their (Beis Din's) hearts [to rescind the Niduy] and restore you to your previous standing."
43)[line 32]òùéúí ëàéìå òáøå òìéå àú äãéïASISEM KE'ILU AVRU ALAV ES HA'DIN- you have made it sound like they (Beis Din) have acted inappropriately (lit. illegally) with regard to him [by putting him in Niduy]
44)[line 33]àìà, äùåëï ááéú äæä éúï áìáê åúùîò ìãáøé çáøéê åé÷øáåêELA, HA'SHOCHEN BA'BAYIS HA'ZEH YITEN B'LIBECHA V'SISHMA L'DIVREI CHAVERECHA VI'YEKARVUCHA- Rather, [they say to him,] "The One Who dwells in this house should put it into your heart [to repent of your ways] and you shall come to listen to the words of your fellows (the Beis Din) and [then they will] restore you to your previous standing."