1)

(a)Besides the fourteenth and the fifteenth of Adar, it is sometimes possible to Lein the Megilah - on the eleventh, the twelfth and the thirteenth ...

(b)If one is not able to Lein it ...

1. ... after the tenth of Adar or ...

2. ... before the sixteenth - then he loses the Mitzvah.

(c)We learn from the Pasuk in the Megilah "Therefore the Yehudim who live in open cities observe the fourteenth day" - the Din contained in the statement itself (See Tos. Yom-Tov) and that people living in walled cities Lein it on the fifteenth (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)Whereas from the Gezeirah-Shavah "P'razi" (there) "P'razi" (in Devarim, in connection with cities that Yisrael captured from Og Melech ha'Bashan) - that 'walled cities' refers to cities that were walled in the days of Yehoshua ben Nun (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

2)

(a)The Yehudim of Shushan celebrated Purim - on the fifteenth of Adar.

(b)Mordechai and Esther instituted that the cities that were surrounded by a wall in the days of Yehoshua bin Nun also observe the same day - to in deference to Eretz Yisrael, which lay in ruins at that time (conveying the impression that it was walled, like Shushan, the capital of Persia).

(c)Specifically 'from the time of Yehoshua' - who was the first person to fight with Amalek (as the Torah attests in Parshas Beshalach), Haman's ancestor.

(d)The villagers and those who lived in 'open cities' officially read the Megilah on the fourteenth, who read it on the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth - only the Chachamim granted the villagers permission to Lein on the Monday or the Thursday before (on the Yom ha'Kenisah [the day they come into town]).

3)

(a)The villagers could not read on the fourteenth or the fifteenth like everybody else - since they not as learned as the townspeople, and there was generally no-one to Lein for them.

(b)One of the reasons for the villagers to be in town on Monday and Thursday was because Beis-Din convened on those days. The other - to hear the Leining of the day.

(c)The reason that they did not institute that the villagers should go back to the city on the fourteenth or the fifteenth to hear the Megilah again (note, if they had, it is not clear why they would then have needed to Lein the Megilah earlier) is - to ensure that they available to provide the townspeople with their needs for the Purim Se'udah (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

4)

(a)We learn from the word "bi'Zemaneihem" (in the Pasuk "Lekayem es Y'mei ha'Purim ha'Eileh bi'Zemaneihem" - that ocer and above the fourteenth and the fifteenth of Adar (which are mentioned specifically in the Megilah), there are two other days on which the Megilah may be Leined, even though ...

(b)... the Tana lists three extra days. This is - because one does not need a Pasuk to include the the thirteenth, which is obvious since the main miracle (defeat of the enemy) took place on that day.

(c)The two extra days cannot be the sixteenth and the seventeenth of Adar - since the Pasuk says "ve'Lo Ya'avor", implying that one cannot Lein the Megilah after the fifteenth.

5)

(a)If Purim (the fourteenth of Adar) falls on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday, the towns Lein on that day and the walled cities a day later. If it falls on ...

1. ... Monday, the villages Lein - on Monday, as they do if it falls on ...

2. ... Tuesday or Wednesday.

3. ... Thursday, they Lein - on Thursday.

(b)When Purim falls on Friday, the towns Lein the Megilah on that day (which cannot happen nowadays). It is Leined ...

1. ... in the walled cities - on Friday (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... the villages - on Thursday.

(c)When Purim falls on Shabbos (See Tos. Yom-Tov), the walled cities Lein Megilah on Sunday, the towns and the villages - on Thursday (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)When Purim falls on Sunday - the villages Lein on the previous Thursday, the towns on Sunday and the walled cities on Monday.

6)

(a)When Purim falls on Friday, walled cities do not Lein on ...

1. ... Sunday (the sixteenth) - based on the Pasuk (that we already quoted ("ve'Lo Ya'avor").

2. ... Shabbos (the fifteenth) - because the Chachamim issued a decree forbidding Leining on Shabbos (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)What is the reason for the decree is - due to the concern that people will come to carry the Megilah in the street.

(c)The walled cities then ...

1. ... Lein "Vayavo Amalek" and (the Haftarah of "Pakadti") - on Shabbos. Likewise, that is when they ...

2. ... fulfil the Mitzvah of 'Sho'alin ve'Dorshin be'Hilchos Purim (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

7)

(a)Some say that one eats Se'udas Purim on Friday - because it goes together with Leining the Megilah.

(b)According to others however - one eats it on Sunday ...

(c)... as is implied in the Yerushalmi.

8)

(a)The concession for the villages to Lein early is confined - to when Rosh Chodesh was determined by the sighting of the new moon.

(b)The Chachamim not extend it to nowadays - since the people tend to calculate Pesach as taking place thirty after Leining the Megilah.

(c)Consequently, they wefre afraid - that the villagers will bring in Pesach a few days too early, and end up eating Chameitz on the last days of Pesach.

9)

(a)The definition of a large town (as opposed to a village) is - one that has 'Ten Batlanim' ...

(b)... ten men who are paid by the community to be constantly prepared to help out with a Minyan if they were needed.

(c)The Mishnah learns - that it is specifically with regard to the times of the Megilah (that we have being discussing [See Tos. Yom-Tov]) that one brings forward, should they fall on Shabbos, but 'Z'man Atzei Kohanim and Tish'ah be'Av that fall on Shabbos - are postponed until Sunday ...

(d)... and the same applies to the other fast-days that fall on (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(e)Besides the Korban Chagigah - the Mitzvah of Hakheil is also included in the second list.

10)

(a)The reason that ...

1. ... one is permitted to bring the Shalmei Chagigah after the first day is - due to the Shiv'as Yemei Tashlumin prescribed by the Torah to make up the first day that one missed.

2. ... Hakheil is postponed when it falls on Shabbos is - because for the whole of Yisrael to come to the Beis-Hamikdash together with their wives and children to hear the king Lein Seifer Devarim on Shabbos is impossible (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)And the reason for not bringing the Mitzvah forward regarding ...

1. ... Z'man Atzei Kohanim, Chagigah and Hakheil is - because it is premature (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... Tish'ah be'Av is - because one does not bring 'punishment forward.

(c)On Purim that is brought forward, the Mishnah permits - a Hesped and Ta'anis ...

(d)... as well as Matanos la'Evyonim (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(e)Rebbi Yehudah qualifies the ruling permitting the villagers to Lein the Megilah earlier - by confining it to places where they go into town on Monday and Thursday.

11)

(a)if, after one has Leined the Megilah in Adar Rishon, Beis-Din announce a leap-year - one is obligated to Lein it again (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)The Mishnah presents two differences between Adar Rishon and Adar Sheini - i.e. the fourteenth and the fifteenth of the two months.

(c)One them is K'ri'as ha'Megilah, the other - Matanos la'Evyonim (See Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(d)... both of which one is Chayav in Adar Sheini but not in Adar Rishon.

(e)Hesped and Ta'anis however - are both forbidden.

12)

(a)The Mishnah presents as the only difference between Shabbos and Yom-Tov - Ochel Nefesh (the preparation of food), which is forbidden on Shabbos but permitted on Yom-Tov.

(b)The author must be Beis-Shamai - because according to Beis-Hillel, they also differ with respect to the principle of 'Mitoch' (that since carrying is permitted on Yom-Tov for eating purposes, it is also permitted even when it is not for eating).

(c)An example of ...

1. ... 'Mi'toch' - is carrying a child, Lulav or a Seifer-Torah into the street.

2. ... other things that are permitted on Yom-Tov but not on Shabbos, even though they do not fall under the category of 'Ochel Nefesh' - loweering fruit down a skylight,

(d)The only difference listed by the Mishnah, between Shabbos and Yom Kipur is - that whereas the former is punishable by man, the latter is punishable by Kareis (at the hands of Hash-m [See Tos. Yom-Tov]).

13)

(a)When the Tana says that one of the differences between Reuven who makes a Neder that he will not have Hana'ah from Shimon and where he specifies Hana'ah of food is 'D'risas he'Regel', he means - walking through his property, which is permitted in the latter case.

(b)The second difference between them is - utensils that are not used for 'Ochel Nefesh', which are likewise permitted in the latter case ...

(c)... provided one does not tend to rent them out ...

(d)... because if they are - the money that Re'uven saves by borrowing can be used to purchase food.

(e)The loss that it must involve to Shimon's pocket for Reuven to have contravened his Neder is - a P'rutah.

14)

(a)The definition of a ...

1. ... Neder is - where someone undertakes to bring an Olah ('Harei alai Olah!')

2. ... Nedavah - where he designates a specific animal as an Olah ('Harei Zu Olah!').

(b)The Mishnah states that - one is responsible to re-place a Neder (should it die or get lost), but not a Nedavah.

(c)We learn from the Pasuk in Ki Seitzei " ... ka'asher Nadarta la'Hashem Elokecha Nedavah" - that they are both subject to bal-Te'acher (with regard o transgressing if one brings them after the specified time has elapsed).

15)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses the differences between a Zav who has ...

1. ... two sightings - irrespective of whether they occur on the same day or whether they occur on two consecutive days, and one who has ...

2. ... three - irrespective of whether they occur on the same day, on three days or two on one day and one on another.

(b)The only difference between them is - that three brings a Korban whereas two does not.

(c)The Din regarding ...

1. ... Tum'as Mishkav and Moshav of the Zav whether he touches the object on which he is sitting, standing or lying ...

2. ... or not - is that it becomes an Av ha'Tum'ah.

(d)Whereas either way - he requires the seven clean days of a Zav, before he becomes Tahor once again.

16)

(a)The Tana presents the difference between a Metzora Musgar and Metzora Muchlat as whereas the latter requires Perimah and P'rimah whereas the former does not. A ...

1. ... Metzora Musgar is - one who has been declared Tamei for seven days.

2. ... Metzora Muchlat en declared a is - one who has been declared a Metzora permanently.

(b)The definition of ...

1. ... 'Peri'ah' is - renting one's clothes, and ...

2. ... 'P'rimah' - letting one's hair grow long (by not having a haircut).

(c)Being sent out of the city walls and the Dinim of Tum'ah (See Tos. Yom-Tov) - applies equally to both.

17)

(a)The only differences between a Metzora Musgar who becomes Tahor and a Metzora Musgar who becomes Tahor are ...

1. ... 'Tiglachas' - shaving off his hair and ...

2. ... 'Tziparim' - the pair of birds that he brings for his purification ceremony (both of which pertain. to the latter but not to the former).

(b)We learn this from the Pasuk in Metzora (in connection with them) "ve'Hinei Nirpa Nega ha'Tzara'as min ha'Tzaru'a" - precluding a Musgar whose healing depends on days.

(c)The two share the same Din - regarding becoming Yahor in a Mikvah.

(d)The Tana omits the Din that a Muchlat needs to bring an Asham and a Log of oil, whereas a Musgar doesn't - since that is confined to the following eighth day, whereas we are talking about the day that he actually becomes Tahor.

18)

(a)The Tana Kama lists, as the only difference between Sefarim (Sifrei Torah) on the one hand and Tefilin and Mezuzos on the other, the fact that the former may be written in any language, the latter, in Ashuris - (Lashon ha'Kodesh).

(b)Raban Shimon ben Gamliel permits also Greek

(c)He learns this from the Pasuk in No'ach "Yaft Elokim le'Yefes Veyishkon be'Ohalei Sheim" - which the Tana interorets to mesn that the most beautiful aspect of the Geeks (their language) shall dwell in the tents of Shem.

(d)The Halachah is - like Raban Shimon ben Gamliel.

(e)This is not applicable nowadays however - since the original Greek language has long been distorted.

19)

(a)A Kohen Gadol who was anointed with the Shemen ha'Mishchah was called a 'Kohen Mashu'ach'. A 'Kohen Merubeh Begadim' - was one who was inaugurated by wearing the eight garments of a Kohen Gadol.

(b)He wasn't anointed with the Shemen ha'Mishchah - because the jar of Shemen ha'Mishchah was hidden during the by Yoshiyah ha'Melech and was not available throughout the era of the second Beis-ha'Mikdash.

(c)The sole difference between them was - the bull of the Chatas brought by the former for permitting som. ething for which the punishment is Kareis, and who acted according to his own ruling.

20)

(a)A 'Kohen ...

1. ... Meshamesh' - is a Kohen Gadol who became Tum'ah close to Yom Kipur, was removed from office and replaced by another Kohen for the Yom Kipur Avodah, and reinstated after Yom Kipur

2. ... 'she'Avar' is - the Kohen who replaced him on Yom-Kipur.

(b)One of the two differences between them is the bull of Yom-Kipur, which is brought by the former exclusively, the other the Asiris ha'Eifah of flour that the former exclusively brought daily ...

(c)... known as the Minchas Chavitin

(d)The reason for this ruling is - because each of these can only be brought by one person.

21)

(a)The two ways that they are equal is - that they can perform any Avodah or to burn the Korbanos whenever they want.

(b)Besides the fact that he is obligated to marry a Besulah and forbidden to marry an Almanah, the Din of Kohen she'Avar equivalent to that of a Kohen Meshamesh is - that he is permitted to perform the Avodah even when he is an Onein (See Tos. Yom-Tov).

22)

(a)'Bamah ...

1. ... Gedolah' refers to - the communal Bamah in Giv'on.

2. ... Ketanah' refers to - the private Bamos that every individual was permitted to build for himself anywhere ...

(b)... specifically when there was no Mishkan or Beis-ha'Mikdash.

(c)The Tana permits Pesachim to be brought on the former but not on the latter.

(d)... incorporating - all Chovos that have a fixed time (See Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(e)... including the Korban Tamid and the Musafin, but precluding - Chovos that have no fixed time (such as the Par He'elam Davar and the Se'irei Avodah-Zarah of the Tzibur.

23)

(a)When he continues 'Zeh ha'Kelal ... ', he comes to ...

1. ... include (regarding what can be brought on a Bamah Gedolah) - all Korbanos that is Nidar ve'Nidav (i.e. Nedarim and Nedavos).

2. ... exclude (from being brought even on a Bamah Gedolah - what is not Nidar and Nidav.

24)

(a)Shiloh differed from Yerushalayim in that ...

1. ... Kodshim Kalim and Ma'aser Sheini - could be eaten in any location from which Shiloh could be seen (See Tiferes Yisrael), whereas in Yerushalayim, they had to be eaten within its walls, whereas ...

2. ... Kodshei Kodshim had to be eaten - within the hangings of the Azarah (See Tiferes Yerushalayim).

(b)The distinction that marks their post-destruction period is - that whereas in the former case - the Bamos ince again permitted, in the latter, they were forbidden forever.