Question (R. Lazar, to R. Yochanan): Places surrounded by mountains - if one threw from there to Reshus ha'Rabim, or from Reshus ha'Rabim to there [what is the law]?

R. Yochanan: According to you (if you think that places surrounded by mountains are not Reshus ha'Rabim), there is never Reshus ha'Rabim (all of Eretz Yisrael is between mountains)!

(Reish Lakish): There is Reshus ha'Rabim only if it is Mefulash from one end of the world to the other end.

This is like Reish Lakish taught elsewhere, for Reish Lakish said "there is no Reshus ha'Rabim [at all] in this world, only in the world to come - "Kol Gai Yinasei [v'Chol Har v'Giv'ah Yishpalu.'' We explained this like SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL.]

Question (against Reish Lakish - Mishnah Taharos 6:6): What is Reshus ha'Rabim? It is the paths of Beis Gilgal (they are too steep for most people to go on) and everything similar.

Answer: It is Reshus ha'Yachid for Shabbos and Reshus ha'Rabim for Tum'ah. (The Reisha teaches that we are lenient about Safek Tum'ah in Reshus ha'Rabim.)

(R. Yochanan): R. Yosi said [that 10 Tefachim make a wall even if it is high above the ground] only for Sukah, but for Shabbos, even R. Yosi agrees.

R. Chanina's teaching shows [that R. Yosi said so] even for Shabbos!

(R. Chaninah): An officer came to Tzipori, and they hung for him curtains [on pillars], and R. Yishmael bei Rebbi Yosi permitted carrying under them, according to his father.

(R. Yosi bei R. Bun citing R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak): R. Yosi bei R. Chanina holds like R. Chaninah, and both of them argue with R. Yochanan;

(R. Yochanan): R. Yudan, R. Yosi and R. Chananyah ben Akavyah - all three said the same matter;

R. Yehudah taught about Mefulash bridges (one may carry under them on Shabbos. He views the edge of the bridge, on each side as if it descends and seals). R. Yosi taught about Sukah. R. Chananyah ben Akavyah is as follows;

(Beraisa): R. Chananyah ben Akavyah permitted three things - [drawing water through a hole in] a balcony (he views the sides as if they folded down. All the more so he holds that Pi Tikra Yored v'Sosem!), [Hatmanah, i.e. wrapping food before Shabbos to preserve its heat] in chaff of legumes (he did not consider it to be Machshir, even though they collected it early when it was still wet with dew), and bringing a towel (used to dry oneself after bathing on Shabbos).

(R. Avahu citing R. Yosi): (The Seifa teaches that if two balconies are one above the other, and a Mechitzah was made only for the top one, both are forbidden unless they are Me'arev together.) This is when they use (draw through) the hole, but when they use outside, it is permitted.

Support (Beraisa): If three balconies are one above the other, one may not transfer from the top to the bottom through the middle, but one may transfer from the top to the bottom (if both are of one person) not through the middle, without concern.

(R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak): The Isur is [to transfer] from the inside (through holes in the balconies), but outside is permitted.

(R. Ze'ira): Both outside and inside are forbidden. (We explained this like PNEI MEIR.)

Question (against R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak - Tosefta 8:4): We may lower a pot of meat and put it on a ledge 10 tall and four wide. If there was a window in between or four [by four] Tefachim it is forbidden, for we do not transfer from Reshus to Reshus via another Reshus.

How can R. Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak explain this?

Answer: He explains that [the window in the middle] is even [with the ledge. However, if it is not even with it, and it uses the ledge only through throwing or lowering, it does not forbid.]

(Mishnah): If a Chatzer is less than four [by four] Amos, one may pour wastewater into it only if there is an Ukah (pit) that holds Se'atayim (about 24 liters) below the hole [from which water flows out];

This is whether [the Ukah] is inside the Chatzer or outside. However, if it is outside, it must be covered. If it is inside, it need not be covered.

R. Eliezer ben Yakov says, if the first four Amos in Reshus ha'Rabim of a Biv (a drainage ditch) are covered, one may pour water into it on Shabbos.

Chachamim say, even a roof or Chatzer 100 Amos along may not pour into a Biv [or gutter pipe, lest people who see the water gush to Reshus ha'Rabim assume that it was poured from nearby];

One may pour onto the roof, and the water will spill into the Biv.

A Chatzer and an Achsadra (a room open on one side) join with each other to comprise four Amos [to permit pouring without an Ukah];

If there are two Aliyos (second story apartments, which overlook a small Chatzer) opposite each other, and some (i.e.) one of them made an Ukah, those who made the Ukah are permitted. Those who did not make an Ukah are forbidden.

(Gemara - R. Yochanan): [Chachamim] gauged that a person uses Sa'atayim of water per day. A person wants to sprinkle Sa'atayim in four Amos [to keep dust from rising, so it does not look like he wants to spill them to Reshus ha'Rabim, so no Ukah is needed]. In less than four [by four, it is not an important area to sprinkle], one wants to spill them;

Note: We changed the text and explained based on, but not exactly like, YEFE EINAYIM (88a-b).

(Reish Lakish): Four [by four] Amos absorb Sa'atayim.

If the Ukah was punctured, some say that he must seal it, and some say that he need not seal it.

If the Ukah became full, some forbid spilling into it, and some permit.

(R. Mana): There is one reason [for both of these; no one is lenient about one and stringent about the other]. The one who obligates sealing [a punctured Ukah] it, he forbids spilling (if it is full). The one who says that he need not seal, he permits spilling. (We explained this like SHA'AREI TORAS ERETZ YISRAEL.)

Support (R. Chiya bar Maryei): So R. Yonah your father held.

If [the Chatzer] was on a slant [and is lower] from the inside (so water will not flow outside), even if it is more than the Shi'ur (four Amos), it is permitted (to spill even without an Ukah). If [it is lower] from the outside (so water will flow outside), even if it is less than the Shi'ur (four Amos), it is forbidden [without an Ukah]. Rather, [our Mishnah] discusses when it is level. (We explained this like HA'GAON RAV C. KANIEVSKY, SHLITA.)

Question (against R. Yochanan - Mishnah): A Chatzer and an Achsadra join with each other to comprise four Amos. (R. Yochanan holds that people spill only for an important area of four by four Amos!)

Answer: They join when they are even (the Achsadra is as long as the Chatzer, and completes the square of four by four).

Question (against Reish Lakish - Beraisa): A Mirpeses, roof and Chatzer join to four Amos. (Reish Lakish requires a Shi'ur to absorb Sa'atayim!)

Answer (R. Chananyah): [The Beraisa discusses when] they are [at the same] level. (Also the roof absorbs.)

Support: A Beraisa teaches that a house, Aliyah, Chatzer and Achsadra do not join to [the Shi'ur. We must say that this is] when they are not level. (We explained based on, but not exactly like, YEFE EINAYIM 88a-b).

(R. Yirmeyah): R. Meir and R. Eliezer ben Yakov both said the same matter;

R. Eliezer ben Yakov - like a Mishnah says, R. Eliezer ben Yakov says, a Biv that has a roof for four Amos in Reshus ha'Rabim, one may pour water into it on Shabbos;

Chachamim say, even a roof or Chatzer 100 Amos, one may not pour on the mouth of the Biv.

R. Meir - like a Beraisa says, sewage pipes in cities - even if they have holes, one may pour water into them on Shabbos. R. Meir says so.

(Beraisa): If there was Mazchilah, it is permitted. If it was the rainy season, it is permitted. If pipes pour into it, it is forbidden. (R. A. FULDA (Kil'ayim 9:1) - this discusses spilling from an upper story onto a roof. Mazchilah sticks out less than three Tefachim from the roof. Alternatively, it descends along the wall to the ground. We forbid pipes that stick out three Tefachim from the roof.)

Support (Bar Kapara's Beraisa): If it was a covert place, it is permitted.

Question: This argues with Rav, and there is no way [to resolve them]!

Rav said that anything forbidden due to merely Maris ha'Ayin is forbidden even in an inner room.