Rashi DH b'Hikares says that's its a Loshon of Hikares Tikares and says rashi v'Eino Shem Davar. So what does rasi mean when he says this is not a noun?
Benzi , London
Benzi, it is great to hear from you again!
I think that what Rashi (incidentally it is not actually Rashi at this stage of Makos; see Rashi Makos 19b DH Reish that Rashi was niftar and from there on it is the Loshon of Rabbi Yehuda bar Nosan, who was the son-in-law and talmid of Rashi) means is that in Bamidbar 15:31 it states "Hikoreis Tikoreis"; "he will surely be cut off". Hikoreis is a verb and the Gemara is saying here that someone who breaks Yom Kipur deliberately is in the punisehment of Hikoreis. The noun would be what we call Koreis.
Chodesh Tov
Dovid Bloom
I don't really understand first of all why Hikares is more of a verb than Tikares so pls can you explain to this to me.
2nd of all why actually does the gemara use such a strange loshon when it usually never writes this, it should have just written the usual form?
Many thanks
Benzi
1) Hikares and Tikares are both verbs but the Gemara mentions Hikares because it comes first in the verse Bamidbar 15:31.
2) The Mishnah Chalah 1:2 does use the word Hikares and the Tosfos Yomtov there cites our Gemara and also Sanhedrin 39a (see Gilyon HaShas there) "Oso beHikares". Tosfos Yomtov writes that we do not read it with a Pasach "BaKoreis"; because if so the Mishnah in Chalah could have written BaKoreis without a "Hay"; but rather we read it with a Chirik; BeHikoreis; and this hints at the Koreis which is mentioned in the verse in Bamidbar 15:31. So the reason that in Makos 23b, Chalah 1:2 and Shavuos 39a the word Hikares is used is because this is closer to the lashon of the Torah.
KOL TUV
Dovid Bloom
So then if so whenever the gemara uses the loshon of kares it should say b'Hikares as this is closer to the loshon hatorah?
"Kares" is only 3 letters in Hebrew whilst "Hikares" is 4 Hebrew letters and Rav Huna, in the Gemara Pesachim 3b, tells us that one should always try and teach in the shortest possible lashon.
Good Shabbos
Dovid Bloom
I understand, but then I can ask the opposite way round that the gemara should teach also the shortest way over here and just say kares?
Regards
Benzi
In most places the Gemara uses the shortest way and just says "Kares" but in a few places (for instance in our Gemara) it wants to remind us that the word used in the Torah is actually Hikares so in these limited cases the Gemara uses the longer way.
Yasher Koach
Dovid Bloom
Follow-up reply:
I should add that Tosfos Shabbos 128a DH veNosan writes that the way of the Shas is to shorten the verses that it cites. Usually the Gemara follows this rule and uses the word kares but occasionally the Gemara uses the longer version Hikares to remind us that this is the Lashon of the Torah.
Dovid Bloom