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Kollel Iyun Hadaf

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1) THE MITZVOS WHICH BEAR FRUIT IN THIS WORLD

QUESTION: The Gemara quotes the Mishnah in Pe'ah (1:1) which lists the Mitzvos for which one receives reward ("Peros") in this world. The Mishnah there differs from the passage recited as part of the daily liturgy after Birkas ha'Torah, which lists several more Mitzvos for which one receives reward in this world.

(a) What is the source for the other Mitzvos in the list?

(b) Why does the Mishnah in Pe'ah not mention those Mitzvos?

(a) There are two sources for the list of Mitzvos which have "Peros" in this world. The first source is the Mishnah in Pe'ah (1:1), as cited by the Gemara here, which lists four Mitzvos: Kibud Av v'Em, Gemilus Chasadim, Hava'as Shalom, and Talmud Torah. (Although the Gemara earlier (39b) which cites this Mishnah mentions the Mitzvah of Hachnasas Orchim as well, that addition does not seem to be the correct Girsa of the Mishnah.) The second source is the statement of Rebbi Yochanan in Shabbos (127a) who lists four Mitzvos: Hachnasas Orchim, Bikur Cholim, Iyun Tefilah, and Hashkamas Beis ha'Midrash.

In contrast, the passage recited after Birkas ha'Torah every morning lists ten Mitzvos. That passage combines the list in Pe'ah with the list of Rebbi Yochanan.

(However, the list in Pe'ah and the list of Rebbi Yochanan contain a total of only eight Mitzvos. What is the source for the additional two Mitzvos which the passage after Birkas ha'Torah mentions, the Mitzvos of Hachnasas Kalah and Halvayas ha'Mes? Indeed, the Rambam's Nusach of Tefilah and the Sefardic Sidurim omit Hachnasas Kalah, Halvayas ha'Mes, and Iyun Tefilah. The MAHARSHAL (Teshuvos) writes that Hachnasas Kalah and Halvayas ha'Mes indeed should be omitted. The LIKUTEI MAHARICH points out that Hachnasas Kalah and Halvayas ha'Mes are subcategories of Gemilus Chasadim, as the Midrash often associates these two Mitzvos with Gemilus Chasadim (see Makos 24a, and the Midrash cited by Rashi to Bereishis 47:29). The Mishnah in Pe'ah omits them because it already mentions Gemilus Chasadim, while the version of the Beraisa recited in the morning prayers includes them because it seeks to be more specific.)

(b) The Mishnah in Pe'ah includes in its mention of "Gemilus Chasadim" all of the Mitzvos which involve an act of kindness to someone else (Shabbos 127b).

This answer does not explain why the Mishnah omits Iyun Tefilah and Hashkamas Beis ha'Midrash, which Rebbi Yochanan mentions. Rashi (Shabbos ibid.) explains that Iyun Tefilah also constitutes Gemilus Chasadim. Rashi cites a verse, "Gomel Nafsho Ish Chesed" (Mishlei 11:17), which associates Chesed ("Gomel") with Tefilah ("Nafsho") and implies that prayer is a form of Chesed. Rashi also explains that Hashkamas Beis ha'Midrash is included in the Mitzvah of Talmud Torah.

Another reason for why the Mishnah omits Iyun Tefilah and Hashkamas Beis ha'Midrash may be as follows. These two Mitzvos differ fundamentally from the Mitzvos mentioned in the Mishnah. The "Peros" of the Mitzvos mentioned in the Mishnah refer to the benefit the person receives when his act of kindness arouses others to reciprocate and perform acts of kindness with each other, as the RAMBAM explains (in Perush ha'Mishnayos). (The Rambam explains how this applies to Talmud Torah as well. One benefits in this world from the Mitzvah of Talmud Torah because his Torah study brings about the performance of good deeds.)

The benefit a person receives because of Iyun Tefilah is fundamentally different. When a person prays with concentration and intent, Hash-m answers his specific prayer. Although Rebbi Yochanan calls this "Peros," the Tana of the Mishnah does not list benefits which a person receives because he explicitly requested them in his prayers, but rather indirect benefits which result from the performance of good deeds.

Hashkamas Beis ha'Midrash also refers to an act of praying to Hash-m with a specific request, as the Gemara in Gitin (7a) mentions ("Hashkem v'Ha'arev Aleihem l'Veis ha'Midrash"). Through Hashkamah, a person's prayers are answered because of his zeal and diligence in coming early to the Beis ha'Midrash. In contrast, through Iyun Tefilah his prayers are answered due to his depth of concentration. The Mishnah in Pe'ah does not include this Mitzvah in its list of Mitzvos which have "Peros" in this world because this Mitzvah does not bear "Peros" as a secondary consequence of the person's act like the other Mitzvos which it lists.