1)

What do we learn from "Pachadu v'Tziyon Chata'im"?

1.

Brachos 60a: One who fears is called a sinner. "Ashrei Adam Mefached Tamid" (Mishlei 28:14) refers to Divrei Torah (lest he forget).

2.

Bereishis Rabah 48:6: This is a parable for two children who fled school. One of them was lashed, and the other feared.

3.

Rashi: They feared, how will they find an opening for Teshuvah?

4.

Radak, Malbim: The sinners [and flatterers] in Tziyon feared when they saw the great Machaneh Ashur. They did not trust in Hashem.

2)

Who are "Chanefim"?

1.

Bereishis Rabah 48:6: This always refers to heretics 1 .

2.

Radak: They are Shevna and his entourage.

3.

Malbim: They are insincere people, who are ashamed to say that they fear and do not believe in Hashem. Even so, all recognized their fear via their trembling.


1

Nezer ha'Kodesh (on the Midrash): It already says that sinners will fear; flatterers are included! Why will Chanefim fear more? We must say that this refers to heretics.

3)

Why does it say "Mi Yagur Lanu Esh Ochelah"?

1.

Rashi #1: Who will stand for us to assuage burning anger?

2.

Rashi #2: Who will live in Tziyon with the Rock, who is a consuming fire? The next verse answers this - one who goes in [the way of] Tzedakos.

3.

Radak, Malbim: Who will stand for us against this camp, which is a consuming fire? The sinners said so; Chizkiyah and his entourage knew that Hashem will save them when they repent, scream and pray to him.

4.

Radak citing Targum Yonasan: Who will dwell for is in Tziyon, in which is the radiance of the Shechinah, like a consuming fire?

4)

Who are "Mokedei Olam"?

1.

Malbim: They already burned the majority of the settled land. (How can we live and trust in Tziyon?!)

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