1)

What do the lion, wolf and tiger represent?

1.

Rashi: They are Malchus Bavel, Madai and Ashur (some texts say Yavan), respectively.

2.

Radak, above Targum Yonasan: A lion is a metaphor for a king, just like the lion is king of the animals 1 . A wolf is a metaphor for soldiers, and a tiger is a metaphor for officers.

3.

Malbim: It alludes to the three times that Nebuchadnetzar came with his camp and destroyed (Yehudah).


1

Radak: It leaves the forest in order to tear.

2)

Why does it say "Ze'ev Aravos"?

1.

Rashi: It is a Midbar wolf. This is like "Aravah v'Shuchah" (2:6) (Radak - "ba'Midbar ba'Aravah" (Devarim 1;2)).

2.

Radak: A wolf leaves in the evening and comes close to the settled area to tear one who is alone. It is not as courageous as a tiger, and all the more so not as much as a lion. Therefore, normally it goes out only in the evening - "Aravos".

3.

Malbim: This is Hayana 1 . It goes out for its food at night, and normally eats Neveilos.


1

Perhaps this is 'hyena'. (PF)

3)

Why does it say "Yeshodedu"?

1.

Malbim: It will 'plunder' what the lion struck.

4)

What is "Namer Shoked"?

1.

Rashi: It is a quick tiger.

2.

Rashi citing Menachem: Shoked refers to guarding, like "Lishkod Al Dalsosai" (Mishlei 8:34).

3.

Rashi citing Targum Yonasan, Malbim: It is an expression of [waiting in] ambush.

4.

Radak: This refers to constant effort, like "Shav Shakad Shomer" (Tehilim 127:1).

5)

What is "me'Henah"?

1.

Radak: [Whatever leaves] the cities.

6)

What will tear what survives?

1.

Rashi: Edom.

7)

Why does it say "Rabu Pesha'eiehm Atzmu Meshuvoseihem"?

1.

Malbim: Their sins are great in number, and awesome in level of severity. They are not amidst desire, rather, rebellion!

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