Why do they say "Lamah Tzamnu v'Lo Ra'isa"?
Rashi (2): When they fast and are not answered, they say so.
Radak: You did not accept our Tefilos; we did not see Your salvation.
Malbim: A Tzom is when the Tzibur gathers to investigate the Klal and the individual, to fix all crooked and remove all stumbling blocks. Whoever knew a sin informed it, and they strove to correct it. The Inuy (fast) was to afflict themselves to fix the past, and lest they sin in the future. It says about the Tzom v'Lo Ra'isa, for it is visible, and about the Inuy v'Lo Seda, for the pain is known in the heart.
Why do they say "v'Lo Seda"?
Radak: It is as if you do not know. I.e. you do not oversee us, and our enemies rule over us.
Malbim: Refer to 58:3:1:3.
What is the meaning of "Timtze'u Chefetz"?
Rashi (2): [I say, on the day of your fast,] you toil to find all your needs, even via theft.
Radak: This is Hashem's answer. How can I see your fast? It is only to quarrel! You gather, and a man sees the one who owes him, and requests his desire, i.e. his debt. If he does not give, he demands, and pressures him until he gives. He also "hits him with the fist of evil" (4) if he answers unlike his desire. Your fast is not for Kel, rather, for your needs!
Malbim: A Tzom must be with all the heart. On that day, one must despise physicality and not desire it at all. You do not do so. Your hearts have all the desires of the day before.
Why does it say "Atzeveichem Tingosu"?
Rashi: The people who owe you are Ne'etzavim (sad) due to you, for you press them for payment on the day of your fast.
Radak: Atzeveichem is your money, like "v'Atzavecha b'Veis Nochri" (Mishlei 5:10). Money exerts a person and saddens him. The Dagesh in the Tzadi is to beauty the pronunciation, like the Dagesh in the Kuf in Mikdash, and similar words. Tingosu is like "Lo Yigos Es Re'ehu" (Devarim 15:2).
Targum Yonasan: You bring close every stumbling block. Radak - this is astounding. He explains as if it says Tingoshu with a Shin, like "va'Yigash Elav Yehudah" (Bereishis 44:18); its Targum is u'Krev Levasei Yehudah.
Malbim: Your sadness on the Tzom is separating from worldly desires and pleasures. You demand them with pressure, not with a good desire. The Tzom is a heavy burden on you. You look forward to its end, so you can return to your desires.
