Why does it say "Yamim Al Shanah"?
Rashi: This is like "Sefu Shanah Al Shanah" (29:1). Your sins constantly increase. In the end, those who are secure now will be agitated.
Radak: This is like Yamim Im Shanah; also "va'Yavo'u ha'Anashim Al ha'Nashim" (Shemos 35:22, is like Im). I.e. a year with a year - you will be agitated not only for a year, rather, year after year. Refer to 32:10:4:1.
Malbim: It is right after the year finishes on Tishrei 1 - only a few days after this.
What is the meaning of "Tirgaznah Botchos"?
Malbim: Bnei Efrayim, who are called Bnos Botchos, will be agitated.
What is the grammatical form of "Osef"?
Rashi: It is a noun (gathering). Therefore, the first syllable is accented, and there is a Patach 1 under the Samech.
This is what we call Segol. (PF)
Why does it say "Ki Kalah Vatzir Osef b'Lo Yavo"?
Rashi: The grape harvest will finish, and one who gathers grain will not bring it into the house. Malbim - even though they will harvest the grapes at the end of the year in serenity, the grain will not enter the house, for the enemy will come before Sukos.
Radak: The enemy will destroy the [grain] harvest and grape harvest, and after he will exile them, the cities will be desolate.
When will this Nevu'ah be fulfilled?
Radak #1: It will be at the time of Churban Beis ha'Mikdash in the days of Tzidkiyah, or Churban Bayis Sheni. Also Targum Yonasan translated "Ki Armon Nutash" (14) 'the Beis ha'Mikdash will be destroyed.' The consolation "Ad Ye'areh Aleinu Ru'ach mi'Marom" (15) and the entire Parashah will be in the days of Mashi'ach.
Radak #2: It will be in the days of Hoshe'a ben Elah, when the cities of Yisrael (Malchus Efrayim) are destroyed and [the 10 tribes] will be exiled. "Armon Notesh" (14) refers to Shomron, which was the castle of Melech Yisrael. Also, Melech Ashur will seize Arei Yehudah then. The consolation "Ad Ye'areh Aleinu?" will be in the days of Chizkiyah, after Machaneh Ashur is stricken.
