1)

What is "Avlah"?

1.

Radak: This is destruction, like "Aval Tirosh" (7).

2.

Malbim: Now it describes the destruction of Eretz Yisrael, stage after stage. First the unsettled places will be destroyed - Avlah without passersby.

2)

What is "Navlah"?

1.

Rashi: This is like "vehe'Aleh Navel" (Yirmeyah 8:13), an expression of wilting and weakening.

2.

Radak: This is like Naflah. The same applies to "ki'Nvol Aleh mi'Gefen" (34:4).

3.

Malbim #1: The second stage of the destruction of Eretz Yisrael is that [the unsettled places] will be totally ruined; thorns will sprout there, for no one worked the land.

4.

Malbim #2: Refer to 24:4:5:4.

3)

What is "Umlalah"?

1.

Rashi: It is an expression of lowliness, like "ha'Yehudim ha'Amelalim" (Nechemyah 3:34).

2.

Malbim: The third stage of the destruction of Eretz Yisrael is that the settled places became desolate; their residents were exiled.

3.

Malbim #2: Refer to 24:4:5:4.

4)

What is "Tevel"?

1.

Rashi: It is Eretz Yisrael, which is Metuveles (spiced) with many Mitzvos.

5)

What is "Merom Am ha'Aretz"?

1.

Rashi: It is the splendor of the people of the land.

2.

Radak: The greatest of each nation; they will perish.

3.

Malbim #1: It is the capitol, officers and royal household (all were destroyed).

4.

Malbim #2: We can explain the verse to discuss the three times Sancheriv came against Efrayim. The first time he exiled Ever ha'Yarden, the second time Eretz Zevulun and Naftoli, and the third time, all of them.

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