Why does it say "Havi'i Etzah"?
Radak: It is written Havi'u, and it is pronounced Havi'i. The singular feminine refers to the gathering, and the plural refers to the nation. You should have taken counsel to do Mishpat for yourself to save Yisrael, for Avraham did several things to save Lot. You should have guarded the Chesed for his descendants.
Malbim: The Navi tells what they should speak to Har Bas Tziyon tell it to give to you counsel! A nation whose afflicters oppress it, it seeks help to take refuge in the shade of another nation. This can be in three ways. (a) If the pursued nation has strength for war to conquer their enemies, just it does not know strategies and war tactics, they request only counsel how to conduct to overpower the enemy. Also refer to 16:3:2:2, 16:3:3:3.
What is the meaning of "Asi Felilah"?
Rashi: It is an expression of a debate in judgment. Choose the good for yourself, like "Mishpat Nivcharah Lanu" (Iyov 34:4).
Malbim: If the pursued nation is too weak to stand against the enemy, they request the other nation to send to them troops. Therefore, if you see that we ourselves cannot overpower the enemy, do Mishpat and wage punishment of Resha'im battle against punishment of Resha'im enemies.
What is the meaning of "Shisi cha'Layil Tzilech"?
Rashi: Make for yourself shade in the afternoon. Your shade will be dark like the night, to hide in it from your enemies.
Radak: You should have guarded the Chesed that Avraham did for Lot, for Avraham's descendants. You should have made shade for them like night, in the afternoon. This is a metaphor. You should have hidden the Yisraelim who fled the enemy via your land. The affliction of the enemy is compared to the heat of afternoon. It pains a person when he is in the heat of the sun in the afternoon. The heat is strong, and shade is the salvation. It would be a great shade like night, which is totally shade. I.e. hide them well, so the enemy would not find them.
Malbim: If the enemy is so strong that even if the other nation helps, they cannot stand against them, they request that they open the country to them to accept their refugees and hide them from the enemy.
What is the meaning of "Satrei Nidachim"?
Rashi: If the cast-off of My nation will flee via you (your land) in the days of Nebuchadnetzar, do not hand them over (to him). Rather, hide them!
Why does it say "Al Tegali"?
Radak: The matter is repeated in different words.
Malbim: Not only should they give to them a place to hide in forests or caves - also one who roams in the country and does not hide himself, do not reveal him to hand him over to the enemy, amidst fear lest the enemy be angry at you for accepting those who escaped its sword.
