1)

What does "Shamayim" refer to?

1.

Radak: It is the Klal of all Galgalim and stars.

2.

Radak (4): It is the Raki'a.

3.

Malbim: It is natural conduct.

2)

Why does it say that he makes Shamayim "bi'Svunah"?

1.

Radak: He makes them, and is Mechadesh them with His Tevunah (understanding).

2.

Malbim: Chachmah is always attributed to creation of the land, and Tevunah to the work of Shamayim. Chachmah distinguishes between good and evil; Tevunah distinguishes between Emes and Sheker. The entities of Shamayim exist forever; there is no concept of Emes and Sheker there. It is present tense, for He constantly renews them. Sustaining the creation is a constant creation.

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