How did he rebel against Hashem's mouth?
Rav Sadya Gaon: He rebelled against His Mitzvos.
R. Avigdor: Yoshiyah ha'Melech said this. He was pierced via 300 arrows, until he became like a sieve (Eichah Rabah 1:53). He was a Tzadik! Why was he punished? He fought Pharaoh Necho, and did not consult Yirmeyah first 1 . When he was dying, his lips were moving. Yirmeyah went to him, and heard him say "Tzadik Hu Hashem Ki Fihu Marisi." Yirmeyah screamed, cried and lamented over him. It does not say Piv, rather, Pihu; [the extra Hei hints that] Yisrael transgressed the five Chumashim.
Ta'anis 22b: He did not ask him, for he was sure that Yisrael fulfill "Im b'Chukosai Telechu
Why does it say "Na"?
Ibn Ezra: "Na" always means now, e.g. "Oy Na Lanu" (5:16), "Daber Na" (Shemos 11:2), "Kel Na Refa Na Lah", and Hashem answered "ha'Lo Sikalem Shiv'as Yamim 1 " (Bamidbar 12:13-14). When an Aleph is added at the beginning, Ana is an expression of request.
I.e. Moshe requested that Hashem heal her now. Hashem explained why it is proper to heal her only later. However, why did he say "Na" twice? Perhaps he asked Hashem to agree now to heal here, and the cure should come now. However, how can we explain "v'Atah (and now) Sa Na Chelecha", "Al Na Im Na Matzasi Chen b'Einecha" (Bereishis 27:3, 33:10)? Brachos 9a says that Na is an expression of request. Why did Hashem say "Eradah Na v'Er'eh" (ibid. 18:21)?! Perhaps sometimes Na means now, and sometimes it is a request. (PF)
What should the nations hear?
Ibn Ezra: She justifies the punishment. My Besulos and Bachurim were taken captive due to my sins. Ri Kara - the verse speaks on behalf of Yisrael.
Palgei Mayim: Normally, one should not publicize his sins (Yuma 86b) - "Ashrei Nesuy Pesha Kesuy Chata'ah" (Tehilim 32:1). Until "Lo Aleichem" (12), the Megilah was in third person. From this verse and onwards, Keneses Yisrael confess their sins to the nations, unlike Chazal said! Because their punishment was so great, there was Chilul Hashem. Therefore, for Kidush Hashem they publicize their sins, and also so people will be chastised.
What is the significance of "Besulosai u'Vachurai Halchu va'Shevi"?
Palgei Mayim: My sins caused that even youths who did not sin were taken captive.
Ibn Ezra (19): The elders died. The youths had strength to survive; they were taken captive.
