1)

Why does it say "Hinei"?

1.

Malbim: This is said in astonishment. The nation of Edom that dwelled in Har Se'ir in the days of the Nevi'im was small, and very disgraced, Why will all nations need to gather to fight against a small nation? And how will they be aroused to fight against a disgraced nation?

2)

Why does it say that Edom is small?

1.

Rashi: Since Esav's father called him "Beno ha'Gadol", and also his mother 1 (Bereishis 27:1, 15, 42), Hashem says, in front of Me he is small.

2.

Rashi citing Avodah Zarah 10a: They do not have [their own 2 ] writing (character set) or language.

3.

Radak (Yirmeyah 49:15, citing Ibn Ezra): They were few in number, or their land was small.

4.

Radak: They are disgraced and lowly, like "Katonti mi'Kol ha'Chasadim" (Bereishis 32:11). And so Yonason translates 'I made Esav weak among the nations.'


1

They did not say so. The Torah says that they called, heard, or took the clothes of Beno/Benah ha'Gadol! Perhaps the Torah says so because they considered him ha'Gadol. (PF)

2

Rashi (10a): They took their language from other nations. Tosfos (10a) - they do not have a special royal language.

3)

Why does it say "Nesaticha"?

1.

Radak: This is like "Etencha" 1 . In Nevu'ah, past tense is often used in place of future 2 .


1

Radak explains that Hashem will make Edom small. The Gemara and other Meforshim (refer to 1:2:2:1-3) hold that it was already so. (PF)

2

Radak (Yirmeyah 46:23): For Nevu'ah for the future exists, as if [already] came.

4)

How is Edom disgraced?

1.

Rashi, from Avodah Zarah 10a: They do not have a hereditary monarchy.

2.

Radak: The nations will not be concerned if you perish.

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