1)

Why does it say "Hashem mi'Tziyon Yish'ag [umi'Yrushalayim Yiten Kolo]"?

1.

Rashi: The Dibur comes out of Beis Kodesh ha'Kodoshim.

2.

Radak: The Shechinah is in Tziyon and Yerushalayim. The matter is repeated in different words. Roaring and giving His voice are a Mashal for Nevu'ah ? "Arye Sha'ag Mi Lo Yira Hashem Elokim Diber Mi Lo Yinavei" (3:8).

3.

Malbim: This explains "Shenasayim Lifnei ha'Ra'ash" ? the Ra'ash began as a roar in Tziyon, and was lower (Kolo) in Yerushalayim. It spread to all cities of Eretz Yisrael. Kol Hashem is of strength ? it agitated the land from its place, and its pillars shudder. This was one Nevu'ah before the event came. Also refer to 1:2:2:3.

2)

What do we learn from "v'Avlu Ne'os ha'Ro'im"?

1.

Rashi citing Targum Yonasan: The dwellings of the kings will be desolate, and their strong cities will be destroyed.

2.

Radak: This is the Nevu'ah ? the dwellings of the shepherds will mourn due to withholding of rain. "V'Avlu" is ruin, like "Al Ken Te'eval ha'Aretz" (Hoshe'a 4:3).

3.

Malbim: This was his second Nevu'ah before the event came ? there will be famine to the point that the dwellings of shepherds will mourn, for there will be no pasture for animals.

3)

What is "Rosh ha'Karmel"?

1.

Radak: The best of the Karmel. Karmel is a general term for a place of seed ? fields and vineyards. The best, fattest places will be ruined, and all the more so this mountain (Tziyon)!

2.

Malbim: There it is always full of moist grain (it will be dry).

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