BERACHOS 49 - Dedicated by Mrs. Idelle Rudman in memory of Harav Reuven Moshe Rudman ben Harav Yosef Tuvia Rudman, who passed away 17 Shevat 5766.
1)
(a)According to Rebbi Aba, whereabouts in Birchas ha'Aretz, is one obligated to insert Hoda'ah?
(b)How what does he say about someone who does not say it even once?
(c)And how does the Beraisa describe someone who ...
1. ... says 'Manchil Aratzos' in Birchas ha'Aretz and ''Moshi'a es Yisrael in 'Boneh Yerushalayim'?
2. ... fails to say 'B'ris' and 'Torah' in Birchas ha'Aretz and 'Malchus Beis David' in 'Boneh Yerushalayim'?
(d)This supports a ruling of Rebbi Ila'a. What did Rebbi Ila'a Amar Rebbi Ya'akov bar Acha in the name of Rabeinu (presumably with reference to either Rebbi or Rav)?
1)
(a)According to Rebbi Aba, one is obligated to insert Hoda'ah in Birchas ha'Aretz - twice, once at the beginning and once at the end ...
(b)... and he describes someone who does not say it even once as - despicable.
(c)The Beraisa says that someone who ...
1. ... says 'Manchil Aratzos' in Birchas ha'Aretz and ''Moshi'a es Yisrael in 'Boneh Yerushalayim' is - a Boor (an uncultivated person).
2. ... fails to say 'B'ris' and 'Torah' in Birchas ha'Aretz and 'Malchus Beis David' in 'Boneh Yerushalayim' - is not Yotzei Birchas ha'Mazon.
(d)This supports a ruling of Rebbi Ila'a - who, the name of Rabeinu (presumably with reference to either Rebbi or Rav) - said exactly the same thing.
2)
(a)Aba Yossi ben Dustai and the Rabbanan argue over the text of 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv. One of them says that it requires 'Malchus'. What does the other one say?
(b)What is the basis of their Machlokes?
(c)If ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv is not Semuchah la'Chavertah, why does it begin with a B'rachah?
2)
(a)Aba Yossi ben Dustai and the Rabbanan argue over the text of 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv. One of them says that it requires 'Malchus'. The other one says - that it doesn't.
(b)The basis of their Machlokes is - whether 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv' is d'Oraysa' (in which case it is part of Birchas ha'Aretz [as we learned on the previous Daf], and does not require Malchus since it a B'rachah ha'Semuchah la'Chavertah'), or de'Rabbanan (in which case it is an independent B'rachah, which requires Malchus).
(c)Even if ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv is not Semuchah la'Chavertah, it begins with a B'rachah - because it all one topic, and its beginning and ending are one and the same (See Hagahos ha'Bach).
3)
(a)According to the Tana Kama in a Beraisa, one concludes the third B'rachah of Birchas ha'Mazon with 'Boneh Yerushalayim'. What problem do we have with Rebbi Yossi b'Rebbi Yehudah, who says 'Moshi'a Yisrael'?
(b)What do we answer?
(c)What is his reason? What has 'Moshi'a Yisrael' got to do with the text of the B'rachah?
3)
(a)According to the Tana Kama in a Beraisa, one concludes the third B'rachah of Birchas ha'Mazon with 'Boneh Yerushalayim'. The problem with Rebbi Yossi b'Rebbi Yehudah, who says 'Moshi'a Yisrael' is - why one should not conclude with 'Boneh Yerushalayim' (since that is the basic contents of the B'rachah)?
(b)We answer - that what Rebbi Yossi b'Rebbi Yehudah means is that one is also Yotzei if one recites 'Moshi'a Yisrael' ...
(c)... because building Yerushalayim is synonymous with the salvation of Yisrael.
4)
(a)Rabah bar Rav Huna once ate by the Resh Galusa. What do we mean when we say that he ...
1. ... 'began (the B'rachah of Boneh Yerushalayim) with one'?
2. ... 'concluded with two'?
(b)Rav Chisda's objection to Rabah bar Rav Huna 'Gevurta 'le'Mechtam be'Tarti?' ('Is it a big deal to conclude with two things?') was based on a brief statement of Rebbi. What did Rebbi, in a Beraisa, say?
(c)Why is it wrong to do so?
4)
(a)Rabah bar Rav Huna once ate by the Resh Galusa. When we say that he ...
1. ... 'began (the B'rachah of Boneh Yerushalayim) with one', we mean - that he said either 'al Yisrael Amecha' or 'al Yerushalayim Irecha', but not both.
2. ... 'concluded with two', we mean that he concluded 'Moshi'a es Yisrael u'Boneh Yerushalayim'.
(b)Rav Chisda's objection to Rabah bar Rav Huna 'Gevurta 'le'Mechtam be'Tarti?' ('Is it a big deal to conclude with two things?') was based on a brief statement of Rebbi, who said in a Beraisa - precisely the same thing ('Gevurta 'le'Mechtam be'Tarti?').
(c)It is wrong to do so - due to the principle 'Ein Osin Mitzvos Chavilos Chavilos (Mitzvos don't come in packages!')
5)
(a)What did Rebbi reply when Levi queried him from the conclusion of the B'rachah ...
3. ... 'Mekadesh Yisrael ve'ha'Zemanim' ... 'Mekadesh Yisrael who sanctify the Zemanim'.
4. ... 'Mekadesh Yisrael ve'Roshei Chodashim' - 'Mekadesh Yisrael who sanctify the Roshei Chadashim'.
5. ... 'Mekadesh ha'Shabbos ve'Yisrael ve'ha'Zemanim', he replied - that this is the one exception to the rule.
(b)Rebbi did not give the same answer here as he gave in the previous cases - because it is Hash-m who sanctifies Shabbos and not Yisrael.
(c)Rebbi reconcile this dual B'rachah with his principle by explaining that - in fact, Hash-m sanctifies both Shabbos and Yisrael, who then sanctify the Yamim Tovim.
6)
(a)Rav Sheishes maintains that someone who begins Birchas ha'Aretz with 'Rachem Hash-m ... al Amcha Yisrael' concludes 'Moshi'a Yisrael'. How does he conclude if he begins 'Rachem al Yerushalayim'?
(b)What does Rav Nachman say?
(c)He bases his opinion on a Pasuk. Which Pasuk in Tehilim equates the salvation of Yisrael with the building of Yerushalayim?
6)
(a)Rav Sheishes maintains that someone who begins Birchas ha'Aretz with 'Rachem Hash-m ... al Amcha Yisrael' concludes 'Moshi'a Yisrael', and that if he begins 'Rachem al Yerushalayim', he concludes - 'Boneh Yerushalayim'.
(b)Rav Nachman holds - that either way, one concludes 'Boneh Yerushalayim ...
(c)... because the Pasuk says in Tehilim 'Boneh Yerushalayim Hash-m, Nidchei Yisrael Yechanes' (thereby equating the building of Yerushalayim with the salvation of Yisrael).
7)
(a)What did Rav Chisda reply when Rebbi Zeira asked to sit and learn together?
(b)In reply to Rebbi Zeira's query, he described what happened once when he was one honored with the Bensching by the Resh Galusa. How did Rav Sheishes react to his text of Birchas ha'Mazon?
(c)Which three things did Rav Chisda omit that upset Rav Sheishes?
(d)Rav Chisda excused himself by citing of Rav Chananel Amar Rav. What did Rav Chananel Amar Rav say about someone who omits B'ris, Torah and Malchus?
(e)What was Rav Zeira's final comment?
7)
(a)When Rebbi Zeira asked Rav Chisda to sit and learn together, the latter replied - that he did not even know the basic Dinim of Birchas ha'Mazon, so how could proceed further?
(b)In reply to Rebbi Zeira's query, he described what happened once when he was one honored with the Bensching by the Resh Galusa, when Rav Sheishes reacted to his text of Birchas ha'Mazon - by 'stretching his neck (in anger) like a snake'.
(c)It was his omission of - B'ris, Torah and Malchus, that upset Rav Sheishes.
(d)Rav Chisda excused himself by citing of Rav Chananel Amar Rav, who said that if one omits B'ris, Torah and Malchus - one is nevertheless Yotzei Birchas ha'Mazon.
(e)Rav Zeira's final comment was - 'How could you ignore so many Tana'im and Amora'im and do like Rav?'
8)
(a)What is Rabah bar bar Chanah coming to teach us when he says that 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv' requires 'Malchus'?
(b)What problem do we have with this answer?
(c)Rebbi Zeira answers that Rabah bar bar Chanah is coming to add a second Malchus (apart from 'Melech ha'Plam'). Where do we insert it?
(d)What is the significance of the extra 'Malchus'?
(e)We query this in that, if so, we ought to add a third 'Malchus' in 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv'. Why is that?
8)
(a)When says that 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv' requires 'Malchus', he is coming to teach us the principle - that 'Any B'rachah that does not include 'Malchus' is not considered a B'rachah'.
(b)The problem with this answer is - that Rebbi Yochanan has already taught us this principle.
(c)Rebbi Zeira answers that Rabah bar bar Chanah is coming to add a second Malchus (apart from 'Melech ha'Plam') - when we say 'ha'Keil Avinu Malkeinu'.
(d)The significance of the extra 'Malchus' is - to supplement the missing Malchus in 'Boneh Yerushalayim'.
(e)We query this in that, if so, we ought to add a third 'Malchus' in 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv' - to supplement the missing 'Malchus in Birchas ha'Aretz'.
9)
(a)To counter the previous argument, how do we explain the fact that Birchas ha'Aretz and 'Boheh Yerushalayim' do not contain 'Malchus'?
(b)Then how do we justify Rabah bar bar Chanah Amar Rebbi Yochanan? Why did they need to supplement the missing 'Malchus' of 'Boneh Yerushalayim' in 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv'?
(c)How does Rav Papa deal with the Kashya that 'Malchus' is omitted from Birchas ha'Aretz, too?
(d)Where do we add the second (third) 'Malchus'?
9)
(a)To counter the previous argument - we ascribe the omission of 'Malchus' from Birchas ha'Aretz and 'Boheh Yerushalayim' to the fact that they are both 'B'rachos ha'Semuchos la'Chavertan'.
(b)And, to justify Rabah bar bar Chanah Amar Rebbi Yochanan - by attributing the need to supplement the missing 'Malchus' of 'Boneh Yerushalayim' in 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv' to the fact that we do mention Malchus Beis David in Boneh Yerushalayim (and it would not be correct to omit Malchus Shamayim completely).
(c)Rav Papa deals with the Kashya that 'Malchus' is omitted from Birchas ha'Aretz, too - by adding a seconc (third) 'Malchus' in 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv' ...
(d)... when we say 'Ro'einu Ro'eh Yisrael ha'Melech ha'Tov ... '.
10)
(a)Who was sitting behind Rav Gidal, when he once sat in front of Rav Huna and made the following statement?
(b)'Someone who forgot 'Retzei' on Shabbos says 'Baruch ... she'Nasan Shabbasos li'Menuchah le'Amo Yisrael be'Ahavah, le'Os ve'li'B'eris'. How does one conclude?
(c)What did Rav Gidal asked reply when Rav Zeira asked him who said it?
10)
(a)Who was sitting behind, When Rav Gidal once sat in front of Rav Huna and made the following statement - Rav Zeira was sitting behind him.
(c)When Rav Zeira asked Rav Gidal who said it, he replied - 'Rav'.
11)
(a)On two other occasions, when Rav Gidal asked Rav Huna the same She'eilah regarding Yom Tov and Rosh Chodesh, he gave the same answer, replacing 'Shabbasos' and 'be'Ahavah' with 'Yamim Tovim' and 'le'Simchah u'le'Zikaron' by the one and with 'Roshei Chodashim' and 'le'Zikaron' by the other. How did he conclude the B'rachah on Yom Tov?
(b)In the B'rachah on Rosh Chodesh, what was Rav Gidal not sure about concerning ...
1. ... the middle of the B'rachah? Over which word was he in a dilemma?
2. ... the conclusion of the B'rachah?
3. ... the source of the ruling?
11)
(a)On two other occasions, when Rav Gidal asked Rav Huna the same She'eilah regarding Yom Tov and Rosh Chodesh, he gave the same answer, replacing 'Shabbasos' and 'be'Ahavah' with 'Yamim Tovim' and 'le'Simchah u'le'Zikaron' by the one and with 'Roshei Chodashim' and 'le'Zikaron' by the other. he concluded the B'rachah on Yom Tov 'Mekadesh Yosrael ve'ha'Zemanim'.
(b)In the B'rachah on Rosh Chodesh, Rav Gidal was not sure about ...
1. ... including 'le'Simchah' as Rav Huna did regarding Yom Tov.
2. ... concluding with a B'rachah ('Mekadesh Yisrael ve'Roshei Chodashim').
3. ... whether this was Rav Huna's personal opinion, or whether he had cited his Rebbe.
49b----------------------------------------49b
12)
(a)What did Rav Nachman once do in the presence of Rav Gidal bar Minyumi, when he once erred and forgot 'Retzei' on Shabbos?
(b)Rav Nachman answered Rav Gidal's query from Rav's previous ruling by citing Rav Shiloh Amar Rav. What did he say about someone who forgot 'Retzei' on Shabbos?
(c)Rav Nachman reconciled that with Rav Shiloh Amar Rav's ruling by citing a ruling of Rav Menashya bar Tachlifa Amar Rav. What did he say to qualify Rav Shiloh's ... ruling?
(d)On what grounds does this Din differ from that of the Amidah, where one only needs to start again if one already took the three steps backwards?
12)
(a)When Rav Nachman once erred and forgot 'Retzei' on Shabbos, in the presence of Rav Gidal bar Minyumi - he repeated Birchas ha'Mazon from the beginning.
(b)Rav Nachman answered Rav Gidal's query from Rav's previous ruling by citing Rav Shiloh Amar Rav, who ruled - that someone who forgot 'Retzei' on Shabbos must repeat Birchas ha'Mazon.
(c)Rav Nachman reconciled that with Rav Shiloh Amar Rav's ruling - by by citing a ruling of Rav Menashya bar Tachlifa Amar Rav - by confining Rav Shiloh's ruling to where one has not yet begun 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv' and the latter ruling to where one has.
(d)This Din differs from that of the Amidah, where one only needs to start again if one already took the three steps backwards - on that here there is no Din of taking three steps back.
13)
(a)What distinction does Rav Idi bar Avin Amar Rav Amram Amar Rav Nachman Amar Shmuel draw between someone who forgot 'Ya'aleh va'Yavo' on Rosh Chodesh in Tefilah and someone who forgot it in Bensching?
(b)What did Rav Amram reply when Rav Idi asked him for the reason for the difference?
(c)Rav Nachman in turn, told them that Shmuel had not explained the reason. What did he therefore figure out by himself?
(d)What prompted Rav Amram to ask him whether, in that case, if the same thing happened on Shabbos or Yom Tov, one is Chayav to repeat Bensching?
(e)What did Rav Nachman, once again citing Rav Shiloh Amar Rav, reply?
13)
(a)Rav Idi bar Avin Amar Rav Amram Amar Rav Nachman Amar Shmuel rules that someone who forgot 'Ya'aleh va'Yavo' on Rosh Chodesh in Tefilah - must repeat the Amidah, but that, if he forgot it in Bensching - he does not.
(b)When Rav Idi asked Rav Amram for the reason for the difference - he had the same difficulty and that he referred it to Rav Nachman.
(c)Rav Nachman in turn, told them that Shmuel had not explained the reason, and that he figured out by himself - that whereas Tefilah is an obligation, eating a meal on Rosh Chodesh is not.
(d)What prompted Rav Amram to ask him whether, in that case, if the same thing happened on Shabbos or Yom Tov, one ought to be Chayav to repeat Bensching is - the fact that in both cases, there is an obligation to eat a Se'udah (with bread).
(e)Rav Nachman, once again citing Rav Shiloh Amar Rav, replied - that indeed, one is Chayav to repeat Bensching.
14)
(a)How do we reconcile what we just said in the name of Rav with Rav Huna Amar Rav, who said that someone who forgot 'Retzei' on Shabbos or 'Ya'aleh ve'Yavo' on Yom-Tov says 'Baruch she'Nasan' (as we learned earlier)?
14)
(a)We reconcile what we just said in the name of Rav with Rav Huna Amar Rav, who said that someone who forgot 'Retzei' on Shabbos or 'Ya'aleh ve'Yavo' on Yom-Tov says 'Baruch she'Nasan' (as we learned earlier) - by establishing the earlier Din where one did not yet begin 'ha'Tov ve'ha'Meitiv', and the later Din to where he did.
15)
(a)We learned in our Mishnah that Rebbi Meir requires one to Bensch after a k'Zayis, and Rebbi Yehudah, after a k'Beitzah. We query this from the Mishnah in Pesachim, which discusses someone who leaves Yerushalayim and realizes that he has with him Basar Kodesh. At which point does he burn it there where he is?
(b)What must he do if he has not yet passed Tzofim?
(c)Where does he then burn it? What does he burn it with?
(d)According to Rebbi Meir, he is only obligated to return for a k'Beitzah. What does Rebbi Yehudah say?
(e)How does this pose a Kashya on our Mishnah?
15)
(a)We learned in our Mishnah that Rebbi Meir requires one to Bensch after a k'Zayis, and Rebbi Yehudah, after a k'Beitzah. We query this from the Mishnah in Pesachim, which discusses someone who leaves Yerushalayim and realizes that he has with him Basar Kodesh. He burns it there where he is - if he has already passed the place called 'Tzofim' (from which one can still see Yerushalayim).
(b)If he has not - then he is obligated to return ...
(c)... and burn it - in front of the Birah (an area on the Har ha'Bayis where Pesulei Kodshim Kalim are burned using wood from the Ma'arachah.
(d)According to Rebbi Meir, he is only obligated to return for a k'Beitzah. Rebbi Yehudah says - for k'Zayis.
(e)This poses a Kashya on our Mishnah - inasmuch as Rebbi Meir and Rebbi Yehudah appear to have switched their opinions.
16)
(a)What simple answer does Rav Nachman give to answer the Kashya?
(b)Abaye answers it without switching the opinions. How does he then explain the basis of their Machlokes ...
1. ... here (by Bensching)?
2. ... there (by Kodshim)?
(c)What does Rebbi Meir learn from the word ...
1. ... "ve'Achalta" (in the Pasuk in Eikev ve'Sava'ta u'Verachta ... ")?
2. ... "ve'Sava'ta"?
(d)How does Rebbi Yehudah explain the words "ve'Achalta ve'Sava'ta"?
(e)Regarding Kodshim, Rebbi Meir compares the Shi'ur for which one needs to return to that of Tum'ah, which is a k'Zayis. To what does Rebbi Yehudah compare it?
16)
(a)Rav Nachman answers simply - 'Eipuch' (that one needs to switch the opinions in one of the Mishnah).
(b)Abaye answers it without switching the opinions. And he explains the basis of their Machlokes ...
1. ... here (by Bensching) - as the interpretation of the Pasuk in Eikev (that we will quote shortly).
2. ... there (by Kodshim) - as a S'vara (as we shall now see).
(c)Rebbi Meir learns from the word ...
1. ... "ve'Achalta" (in the Pasuk in Eikev ve'Sava'ta u'Verachta ... ") - that in order to Bensch, one needs to eat a k'Zayis.
2. ... "ve'Sava'ta" 0 that one also needs to drink.
(d)Rebbi Yehudah explains "ve'Achalta ve'Sava'ta" - to mean an Achilah that satisfies (i.e. a k'Beitzah).
(e)Regarding Kodshim, Rebbi Meir compares the Shi'ur for which one needs to return to that of Tum'ah (which is a k'Beitzah). Rebbi Yehudah compares it - to the Isur Achilah (which is a k'Zayis).
17)
(a)What distinction does the Mishnah draw between a Mezuman comprising just three people, or ten, a hundred, a thousand or even ten thousand on the one hand, and one comprising three, ten a hundred, a thousand or ten thousand besides the Mevarech, on the other?
(b)If one adds 'Elokeinu' when there are ten people, what does one add when there are ...
1. ... a hundred?
2. ... a thousand?
3. ... ten thousand?
(c)If this is the opinion of Rebbi Yossi ha'Gelili, how does he learn it from the Pasuk in Tehilim "be'Makheilos Borchu Hash-m. Hash-m mi'Mekor Yisrael"?
17)
(a)The Mishnah rules that, by a Mezuman comprising just three people, or ten, a hundred, a thousand or even ten thousand - one recites the relevant text (which we will cite shortly), but by one that comprises three, ten a hundred, a thousand or ten thousand besides the Mevarech - one adds 'Borchu' (instead of 'Nevarech').
(b)One says 'Nevarech (she'Achalnu mi'Shelo)' when there are only three people, and adds 'Elokeinu' when there are ten, when there are ...
1. ... a hundred, one says - 'Nevarech Hash-m Elokeinu' ...
2. ... a thousand - 'Nevarech la'Hashem Elokeinu Elokei Yisrael'.
(c)This is the opinion of Rebbi Yossi ha'Gelili, who learns it from the Pasuk in Tehilim "be'Makheilos Borchu Hash-m. Hash-m mi'Mekor Yisrael" - which implies that one blesses Hash-m in accordance with the number of people participating.
18)
(a)What does Rebbi Akiva say about the number of people participating in Mezuman?
(b)From where does he learn it?
(c)According to Rebbi Akiva, one says in Shul 'Borchu es Hashem'. What does Rebbi Yishmael say?
18)
(a)According to Rebbi Akiva - once the number of participants reaches ten, it makes no difference as to how many people are participating in Mezuman ...
(b)... and he learns it from Shul, where, irrespective of the number of Mispalelim, the Chazen always says ...
(c)... 'Borchu es Hashem', to which Rebbi Yishmael adds the word - 'ha'Mevorach'.
19)
(a)What did Shmuel say about taking oneself apart from the community?
(b)How do we query himfrom our Mishnah, regarding where there are three or ten ... besides the Mevarech?
(c)What do we answer?
19)
(a)Shmuel said that - one should not take oneself apart from the community.
(b)We query him however, from our Mishnah, regarding where there are three or ten ... besides the Mevarech - where the latter says 'Borchu' excluding himself) rather than 'Nevarech'.
(c)To which we answer the Mishnah means 'Af Borchu' (that he can say 'Barchu' should he so wish, but that it is preferable to still say 'Nevarech'.
