1)
(a)We query the previous ruling of Rav and Shmuel (regarding rice and millet) from a Beraisa. To what does the Tana there compare the B'rachah before and after eating bread made of rice or millet?
(b)What is Ma'aseh Kedeirah?
(c)How does this pose a Kashya on Rav and Shmuel?
(d)What do we answer? In which regard do we compare rice and millet bread to Ma'aseh Kedeirah?
(e)What B'rachah does one in fact recite ...
1. ... before rice and millet bread?
2. ... after rice and millet bread?
1)
(a)We query the previous ruling of Rav and Shmuel (regarding rice and millet) from a Beraisa, which compares the B'rachah before and after eating bread made of rice or millet - the equivalent B'rachos before and after eating 'Ma'aseh Kedeirah' ...
(b)... a cooked dish made of one of the five species of grain.
(c)... over which one recites Borei Miynei Mezonos before eationg and 'al ha'Michyah' afterwards; a Kashya on Rav and Shmuel - who do not equate rice and millet with the five species of grain.
(d)We answer that we only compare rice and millet to Ma'aseh Kedeirah - with regard to a reciting a B'rachah before and a B'rachah, afterwards, but with regard to which B'rachah.
(e)In fact one recites ...
1. ... 'Shehakol' - before rice and millet bread and ...
2. ... after it 'Borei Nefasshos ... '.
2)
(a)We query Rav and Shmuel again from a Beraisa, which begins by defining 'Ma'aseh Kedeirah' as Chilka, Targis, Zariz and Arsan. If 'Chilka' is grain that has been divided into two, what are 'Targis', 'Zariz' and 'Arsan', respectively?
(b)What does the Tana say about rice?
(c)We answer by establishing the Beraisa like Rebbi Yochanan ben Nuri. How does he define rice?
(d)And what does he say about ...
1. ... eating rice on Pesach
2. ... being Yotzei one's obligation with Matzos made of rice?
(e)What do the Rabbanan then hold?
2)
(a)We query Rav and Shmuel again from a Beraisa, which begins by defining 'Ma'aseh Kedeirah' as Chilka - (grain that has been divided into two), Targis, Zariz and Arsan - (grain that has been divided into three, four and five, respectively).
(b)The Tana then - includes rice under the heading of Ma'aseh Kedeirah (whose B'rachah is - 'Borei Miynei Mezonos', as we just explained).
(c)We answer by establishing the Beraisa like Rebbi Yochanan ben Nuri, who defines rice as - as a species of Dagan.
(d)... adding that, if one ...
1. ... eats it on Pesach after it has risen, one is Chayav Kareis, whereas on the other hand ...
2. ... one is Yotzei one's obligation with Matzos made of rice.
(e)The Rabbanan - disagree with him.
3)
(a)We query this from another Beraisa, which discusses the B'rachos that one recites over grain. What does the Tana say about the B'rachah that one recites when chewing wheat?
(b)And what B'rachah does one recite over wheat (before and after), if it has been ground, baked and cooked, assuming the pieces ...
1. ... are still intact?
2. ... are no longer intact?
(c)The Tana then equates the B'rachah when chewing rice with that of chewing wheat. What does he say with regard to the B'rachah over rice (before and after), if it has been ground, baked and cooked, even if the pieces are intact?
3)
(a)We query this from another Beraisa, which discusses the B'rachos that one recites over grain. The Tana rules that the B'rachah for chewing wheat - is 'Borei P'ri ha'Adamah'.
(b)The B'rachah one recites over wheat, if it has been ground, baked and cooked, assuming the pieces ...
1. ... are still intact - is 'ha'Motzi' and (before) and Birchas ha'Mazon (after).
2. ... are no longer intact is - 'Borei Miynei Mezonos' and 'al ha'Michyah', respectively.
(c)The Tana then equates the B'rachah when chewing rice with that of chewing wheat. If it has been ground, baked and cooked however - one recites 'Borei Miynei Mezonos' and 'al ha'Michyah', respectively, irrespective of whether the pieces are intact or not.
4)
(a)On what grounds do we reject the suggestion that the author of the Beraisa is Rebbi Yochanan ben Nuri?
(b)What is therefore the Kashya on Rav and Shmuel?
(c)What is the conclusion?
4)
(a)We reject the suggestion that the author of the Beraisa is Rebbi Yochanan ben Nuri - because, since he considers rice a species of Dagan, one ought to recite 'ha'Motzi' and Birchas ha'Mazon, respectively over baked rice.
(b)The Kashya on Rav and Shmuel is - that whereas they maintain that the B'rachos over rice are 'Shehakol' and 'Borei Nefashos ... ', the Chachamim holds that one recites 'Borei Miynei Mezonos' and 'al ha'Michyah'.
(c)The conclusion is - that Rav and Shmuel are conclusively disproved ('Tiyuvta de'Rav u'Shmuel, Tiyuvta').
5)
(a)Like which Tana in the Mishnah (on Daf 35.) do we establish the Beraisa which maintains that the B'rachah over wheat kernels is 'Borei Miynei Zera'im', to reconcile it with the Beraisa who requires 'Borei Miynei Mezonos'?
(b)What does Rebbi Yehudah say?
5)
(a)To reconcile the Beraisa which maintains that the B'rachah over wheat kernels is 'Borei Miynei Zera'im' - we establish it like Rebbi Yehudah ...
(b)... who says that over vegetables one recites 'Borei Miynei Desha'im'.
6)
(a)In the same Beraisa, we learned that the B'rachah after cooked rice is 'al ha'Michyah'. A second Beraisa says 've'Lo K'lum'. What does 've'Lo K'lum' mean?
(b)Rav Sheishes establishes the author of the second Beraisa as Raban Gamliel, who initially gives the B'rachah after the five species of grain as 'three B'rachos'. Which three B'rachos?
(c)What do the Chachamim say?
(d)In an incident that once occurred involving Rebbi Akiva and the elders, where was the loft in which they were sitting situated?
(e)Which of the seven species of fruit (for which Eretz Yisrael is praised) did they bring before them?
6)
(a)In the same Beraisa, we learned that the B'rachah after cooked rice is 'al ha'Michyah'. A second Beraisa says 've'Lo K'lum' - by which he means 'not the the special over the fruits of Eretz Yisrael, but just 'Borei Nefashos ... '.
(b)Rav Sheishes establishes the author of the second Beraisa as Raban Gamliel, who initially gives the B'rachah after the five species of grain as 'three B'rachos' - 'ha'Zan', 'Birchas ha'Aretz' and 'Borei Yerushalayim'.
(c)The Chachamim say - one B'rachah that incorporates three (i.e. 'al ha'Eitz ... ').
(d)In an incident that once occurred involving Rebbi Akiva and the elders, the loft in which they were sitting was situated - Yericho (known as 'the city of dates').
(e)They brought before them 'Kosvos' (large dates).
7)
(a)What did Rebbi Akiva do when Raban Gamliel asked him to recite the B'rachah Achronah After the meal?
(b)How did Raban Gamliel react to that?
(c)The latter replied - by quoting Raban Gamliel himself. What did Raban Gamliel say?
7)
(a)What did do When Raban Gamliel asked Rebbi Akiva to recite the B'rachah Achronah - he promptly recited 'al ha'Eitz'.
(b)Raban Gamliel react to that - by asking his Talmid why he involved himself in a Machlokes (between his superiors) ...
(c)... to which the latter replied - that he (Raban Gamliel) was a minority opinion, and that he himself had ruled that 'Yachid ve'Rabim, Halachah ke'Rabim'.
37b----------------------------------------37b
8)
(a)Rebbi Yehudah quotes Raban Gamliel differently. What does he say about whatever is of the seven species even if it is not grain, or grain even if it has not been baked as bread?
(b)What do the Chachamim say?
(c)And what B'rachah do Raban Gamliel and the Chachamim respectively require over bread made of rice or millet?
8)
(a)Rebbi Yehudah quotes Raban Gamliel differently. He maintains that whatever is of the seven species even if it is not grain, or grain even if it has not been baked as bread - one recites Birchas ha'Mazon.
(b)The Chachamim say - 'al ha'Michyah'.
(c)And over bread made of rice or millet - Raban Gamliel requires 'al ha'Michyah' and the Chachamim - nothing (Borei Nefashos').
9)
(a)Like which Tana has Rav Sheishes now established the Beraisa which requires a B'rachah of 'al ha'Michyah' after cooked rice?
(b)We have a problem with this however, from the second ruling (the Seifa de'Reisha) there. What B'rachah Achronah did the Tana there require if the pieces of wheat-bread that were cooked after being baked are no longer intact?
(c)What is the problem?
(d)To resolve the discrepancy, we establish that Beraisa like the Chachamim. How do we amend the Seifa regarding rice ' ... Mevarech alav B'rachah Achas me'ein Shalosh'?
9)
(a)Rav Sheishes has now established the Beraisa which requires a B'rachah of 'al ha'Michyah' after cooked rice - like Raban Gamliel.
(b)We have a problem with this however, from the second ruling (the Seifa de'Reisha) there, where if the pieces of wheat-bread that were cooked after being baked are no longer intact - the Tana requires 'al ha'Michyah'.
(c)Because, if Raban Gamliel requires Birchas ha'Mazon after dates and porridge, how much more so ought one to recite Birchas ha'Mazon here?
(d)To resolve the discrepancy, we establish that Beraisa like the Chachamim, and we amend the Seifa regarding rice ' ... Mevarech alav B'rachah Achas me'ein Shalosh' to - 've'Lo K'lum'.
10)
(a)Rava discusses Rihata de'Chakla'i and Rihata di'Mechuza. What is another name for 'Rihata'?
(b)What is the difference between ...
1. ... the words 'Chakla'i' and 'Mechuza'?
2. ... the two types of Chavitza?
(c)What B'rachah did Rava initially require over the former?
(d)Why is that?
10)
(a)Rava discusses Rihata de'Chakla'i and Rihata di'Mechuza. Another name for 'Rihata' - is Chavitz Kidra (See end of Daf 36b).
(b)The ...
1. ... word 'Chakla'i' means - 'village' and 'Mechuza' - town.
2. ... former contains - little flour, the latter a large amount.
(c)Initially, Rava required over the former - 'Shehakol'.
(d)He required a 'Shehakol' because he thought the main ingredient is honey.
11)
(a)What does Rava finally rule with regard to Rihata de'Chakla'i?
(b)He bases this on a statement of Rav and Shmuel. Which statement?
11)
(a)Rava finally rules - that even over Rihata de'Chakla'i - one recites 'Borei Miynei Mezonos' ...
(b)... based on the statement of Rav and Shmuel - that whatever contains any of the five species of grain requires 'Borei Miynei Mezonos'.
12)
(a)On what condition does Rav Yosef require 'ha'Motzi' before eating a Chavitza and Birchas ha'Mazon afterwards?
(b)What equivalent B'rachos will one recite if the pieces are less than a k'Zayis?
(c)Rav Yosef bases his ruling on a Beraisa which discusses a Kohen who is in Yerushalayim, bringing a Minchah for the first time. What B'rachah does he recite first?
(d)What B'rachah does he then recite over the Minchah?
(e)What is Rav Yosef's proof from there? How does he know that the piece of Minchah that the Kohen is eating consists of a k'Zayis?
12)
(a)Rav Yosef requires 'ha'Motzi' before eating a Chavitza and Birchas ha'Mazon afterwards - provided the pieces are larger than a k'Zayis.
(b)If the pieces are less than a k'Zayis - one recites 'Borei Miynei Mezonos' and 'al ha'Michyah', respectively.
(c)Rav Yosef bases his ruling on a Beraisa which discusses a Kohen who is in Yerushalayim, bringing a Minchah for the first time. The B'rachah he recites first is - 'Shehechiyanu'.
(d)Over the Minchah he then recites - 'ha'Motzi'.
(e)Rav Yosef's proof from there is based on another Beraisa - which explains that before taking the Kemitzah from a Minchah that is prepared in a deep or a flat pan, they would break it into pieces of at least a k'Zayis (and that is what prompted Rav Yosef to connect 'ha'Motzi' to pieces of a k'Zayis'.
13)
(a)Tana de'Bei Rebbi Yishmael disagrees with the previous Beraisa. How does the Kohen break up the Minchah according to him?
(b)What B'rachah ought the Kohen to recite according to him?
(c)We query this however, from yet another Beraisa, which discusses someone who collects the ground flour of Menachos and eats it on Pesach. What does the Tana say about the equivalent, if it is ...
1. ... Chametz?
2. ... Matzah?
13)
(a)Tana de'Bei Rebbi Yishmael disagrees with the previous Beraisa. According to him, the Kohen breaks up the Minchah - into flour.
(b)According to him, the Kohen to recite - 'Shehakol'.
(c)We query this however, from yet another Beraisa, which discusses someone who collects the ground flour of Menachos and eats it on Pesach. The Tana rules that for the equivalent, if it is ...
1. ... Chametz - one is Chayav Kareis.
2. ... Matzah - one has fulfilled one's obligation of Pesach.
14)
(a)How do we therefore establish the case?
(b)What is then the problem with the Seifa 've'Hu she'Achlan bi'Chedei Achilas P'ras'?
(c)How do we therefore re-establish the Beraisa to solve it?
14)
(a)We therefore establish the case - where he first mixed the flour with water and formed it into a solid piece.
(b)The problem with the Seifa 've'Hu she'Achlan bi'Chedei Achilas P'ras' is - that the Tana ought then to have said 've'Hu she'Ochlo ... ' (in the singular).
(c)So we re-establish the Beraisa where he ground the flour from a large piece, some of which is still intact.
15)
(a)We finally cite Rav Sheishes who disagrees with Rav Yosef's distinction regarding between pieces that are a k'Zayis and pieces that are less than a k'Zayis. What does he rule by Chavitza even if the pieces are less than a k'Zayis?
(b)What condition does Rava add to that?
15)
(a)We finally cite Rav Sheishes who disagrees with Rav Yosef's distinction regarding between pieces that are a k'Zayis and pieces that are less than a k'Zayis. According to him - Chavitza requires a 'ha'Motzi', even if the pieces are less than a k'Zayis.
(b)Rava adds however - that they must have the shape of bread.
16)
(a)What did Ravin Amar Rebbi Yochanan say about T'ruknin (regarding Chalah) when he arrived from Eretz Yisrael?
(b)Abaye defines T'ruknin as Kuba de'Ar'a. What is 'Kuba de'Ar'a'?
(c)What does Abaye say about T'risa?
(d)Some define T'risa as G'vil Marsach, others as Nahama de'Hind'ki (dough that one bakes on a spit-rod, constantly anointing it with oil, or with eggs and oil). What is 'G'vil Marsach'?
16)
(a)When he arrived from Eretz Yisrael, Ravin Amar Rebbi Yochanan rules that - T'ruknin are Chayav Chalah.
(b)Abaye defines T'ruknin as 'Kuba de'Ar'a' - bread that is baked by pouring flour and water into a cavity in an oven (like one sometimes does in a pan).
(c)Abaye - exempts T'risa from Chalah.
(d)Some define T'risa as G'vil Marsach, others as Nahama de'Hind'ki (dough that one bakes on a spit-rod, constantly anointing it with oil, or with eggs and oil). 'G'vil Marsach' - is where one pours flour and water into a K'li and stirs them with a ladle before pouring it onto an oven where it boils from the heat.
17)
(a)Yet a third opinion defines T'risa as Lechem he'Asuy le'Kutach. What is 'Lechem he'Asuy le'Kutach'?
(b)Rebbi Chiya cited a Beraisa which exempts it from Chalah. What problem do we have with that?
(c)How do we reconcile the two Beraisos? What is 'As'an ke'Avin (or ke'Achin)'?
(d)On what condition is it then Patur?
17)
(a)Yet a third opinion defines T'risa as 'Lechem he'Asuy le'Kutach' - (bread that is baked in the sun).
(b)Rebbi Chiya cited a Beraisa which exempts 'Lechem he'Asuy le'Kutach' from Chalah. The problem with that is - that another Beraisa rules it is Chayav.
(c)We reconcile the two Beraisos by establishing the latter - by'As'an ke'Avin (or ke'Achin)', where he shaped it like a loaf, thereby indicating that he meant to eat it as a loaf of bread.
(d)And it is Patur - if he shaped it like a plank. (where his intention is merely to use as a condiment).