(Mishnah): They would not sound less than 21, nor more than 48 trumpet sounds (Tekiyos) in the Temple.

Each day they would sound 21 Tekiyos - 3 for opening the gates, 9 for the morning Tamid offering and 9 for the afternoon Tamid. They would also add another 9 for the Musaf offering (on days when it was brought).

On Erev Shabbos, they would add 6 Tekiyos, 3 to stop the people from their labor and 3 to distinguish between the holy and the non-holy (i.e. when Shabbos arrives).

On Erev Shabbos during Sukos, they would sound 48 Tekiyos - 3 for opening the gates, 3 for the Upper Gate, 3 for the Lower Gate, 3 for filling the water, 3 upon the Mizbeach, 9 for the morning Tamid, 9 for the afternoon Tamid, 9 for the Musaf, 3 to stop the people from their labor and 3 to distinguish between the holy and the non-holy (at the onset of Shabbos).

(Gemara - Beraisa): They would not sound less than 7, nor more than 16 Tekiyos.

This Beraisa (R' Yehudah) treats the unit of Tekiyah, Teru'ah, Tekiyah as one sounding, but the Mishnah (Rabbanan) counted it as three sounds.

If you examine their words, you will find that (in the desert, when the trumpets were sounded to instruct the people to travel), according to the Rabbanan, they sounded one blast for each tribe, totaling twelve trumpet blasts. However, according to R. Yehuda, they sounded one blast (meaning 3) for each flag (there were three tribes ascribed to each flag - each tribe had its only actual blast).

Question: (How could the Mishnah say that there were 48 blasts on Erev Shabbos during the festival?) The Beraisa states that there were (an additional) three blasts sounded on the tenth step?

Answer: The Beraisa is authored by different Tanna who disagrees. The one who required 3 on the Mizbeach did not require 3 on the 10th step; the one who required 3 on the 10th step did not require 3 on the Mizbeach.

R. Zeira: This shows that they only sounded the trumpets for the Water Libations themselves (meaning that 'filling the water' in the Mishnah refers to the actual libations when they would fill the buckets, not filling the water from the spring) - otherwise there would be 51 blasts on Erev Shabbos during the festival, as they would also fill the water (from the spring) on Erev Shabbos for the Shabbos libations.

Question: Where there no days other than Erev Shabbos during the festival that they would sound 48 blasts? What about on Rosh Hashanah that occurred on Shabbos, when there would be 9 blasts for Musaf of Shabbos, 9 for Musaf of Rosh Chodesh and 9 for Musaf of Rosh Hashanah? (This totals 48 - the standard 21 daily blasts and an extra 27 for the 3 Musaf offerings.)

Answer: Rather, it is not like the opinion that requires separate blasts for each type of Musaf brought.

Rabbanan of Kisarin quoting R. Yaakov bar Acha: It could even follow that opinion - they did add for each Musaf, but they did not add nine blasts for each (they only sounded 3 for each of the three Musafs).

R. Chiya bar Ba: A "Nevel" and a "Kinor" (listed in the Mishnah) are similar, but the Nevel has more strings.

R. Chiya bar Ba: Why is it called a "Nevel"? Because it (מלבין) embarrasses other musical instruments with its sweet sound. )"נבל" has the same letters as "לבן"(

R. Chuna quoting Rav Yosef: It embarrasses other musical instruments, because it has superior sound even though it has unprocessed leather and extra strings. (It is made of inferior materials - hence the name "Nevel" implying "lowly".)

R. Shimon ben Lakish: The musical instrument called an "Ugav" is a bell.

Beraisa - Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel: There were no bells in Yerushalayim because it would ruin the sound of the music.

The Chalil in the Temple was from the time of Moshe and was a hollow cane.

It broke and they fixed it, but its sound was not as sweet as before. They broke it again and it returned to its original sound.

The cymbals of the Temple were from the time of Moshe and were made of copper.

It broke and they fixed it but its sound was not as before. They broke it again and it returned to its original sound.

The grinder (used for the incense spices) was from the time of Moshe and was made of copper.

It broke and they fixed it but it could not produce the spices as before. They broke it again and it returned to its original way.

These two vessels (the cymbals and the grinder) were broken in the first Temple and were never restored.

About such copper vessels, the Pasuk says (Divrei Hayamim 2, 4, 16), "pure copper" and another Pasuk says (Melachim 1, 7, 45), "pure copper". (Ezra 8, 27), "and two fine golden-colored copper vessels, as shiny as gold".

The Pasuk states (Ezra 8, 27), "and copper utensils that had a golden shine to them, they were two valuable ones like gold".

Two Amoraim disagreed over this Pasuk - one said that one of their (copper) utensils was worth two utensils made from gold; the other one said that two of their copper utensils were worth two utensils of gold.

Beraisa - Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel: The source of the Shiluach spring was (only) the width of an Issar coin.

They said - we will broaden and increase its waters. They broadened it and the waters decreased. They returned and closed up the area that they had broadened and it returned to its regular flow.

The Magreifah (see earlier 52-2 (j) 2.): Rav and Shmuel disagreed - one said that there are ten holes in it, each one of which producing 100 types of musical sounds. The other one said that are 100 holes in it, each one producing ten types of musical sounds. Both agree that it produces 1000 musical sounds.

Query: When one must sacrifice a Musaf for Shabbos and for Rosh Chodesh (the New Month), which should he sacrifice first?

Answer (R. Yirmiyah): The Musaf of Rosh Chodesh is sacrificed first.

Proof (Beraisa): The song (that is sung during the sacrifice) of Rosh Chodesh precedes the song of Shabbos.

Rebuttal (R. Yosi): R. Chiya quoting R. Yochanan, said that the song of Rosh Chodesh precedes in order to publicize the New Moon; so he slaughters the Shabbos Musaf offering and upon it they sing the song of Rosh Chodesh. However, the Shabbos Musaf is sacrificed first since they always first bring the one that is more frequent.