MENACHOS 46 (20 Nisan) - Dedicated by Mr. Martin Fogel of Carlsbad, California, in memory of his father, Yaakov ben Shlomo Fogel, on the day of his Yahrzeit.

1)

ZIKAH OF THE BREAD AND LAMBS

(a)

(R. Yochanan): All agree that if the bread and lambs were Huzkeku (committed) to (be brought with) each other, they are Me'akev each other;

1.

Shechitah is Zokek.

(b)

(Ula): Chachamim of Eretz Yisrael were unsure whether or not Tenufah is Zokek.

1.

Question: We should be able to answer this from R. Yochanan, who said that Shechitah is Zokek! (This implies that Tenufah, which is before Shechitah, is not Zokek.)

2.

Answer: It is doubtful what R. Yochanan himself held;

i.

Perhaps he was sure that Shechitah is Zokek, but Tenufah is not;

ii.

Or, perhaps he was sure that Shechitah is Zokek, but he was unsure about Tenufah. He said only the law he was sure about.

(c)

This question is not resolved.

(d)

Question (R. Yehudah ben Chanina): "Kodesh Yihyu la'Shem la'Kohen" is written after Tenufah, yet Tana'im argue (about which one is not Me'akev the other. This shows that Tenufah is not Zokek!)

1.

Counter-question (Rav Huna brei d'Rav Yehoshua): The verse is written after Shechitah (only then the lambs belong to the Kohen), yet they argue (even though Shechitah is Zokek)!

2.

Answer: You must say that the verse refers to (the lambs or bread, whichever is Me'akev) before Shechitah, and says that they will be for the Kohen (after Shechitah);

(e)

Answer: Likewise, the verse refers to (whichever is Me'akev) before Tenufah, and says that they will be for the Kohen.

(f)

Question: Is it really true that Shechitah is Zokek?!

1.

Question (Beraisa): If (some) loaves of Lachmei Todah became Chaser before Shechitah (of the Todah), new loaves are brought and the Todah is slaughtered. (It is fully Kosher);

2.

If they became Chaser after Shechitah (but before Zerikah), Zerikah is done (l'Shem Shelamim), and the Todah is Kosher. Its meat is eaten, but the owner did not fulfill his vow (to bring a Todah). (All of) the bread is forbidden;

3.

If they were broken after Zerikah, (the Todah is fully Kosher, just) Terumah (the Kohen's portion, one loaf from each kind) must be taken from full loaves to exempt (all the others, including) the broken ones,

4.

If loaves left (Yerushalayim) before Shechitah, they are returned, and the Todah is slaughtered;

5.

If they left after Shechitah, Zerikah is done. The Todah is Kosher, the meat is eaten, the vow was not fulfilled, and the bread is forbidden;

6.

If they left after Zerikah, Terumah must be taken from bread that did not leave to exempt (all the bread, including) the bread that left.

7.

If loaves became Teme'im before Shechitah, more loaves are brought, and the Todah is slaughtered;

8.

If they became Teme'im after Shechitah, Zerikah is done. The Todah is Kosher, the meat is eaten; the vow was fulfilled because the Tzitz is Meratzeh , but the bread is forbidden;

9.

If they became Teme'im after Zerikah, Terumah must be taken from Tahor bread to exempt (all, including) the Tamei.

10.

Summation of question: If Shechitah is Zokek, when loaves were broken (or left or Nitma'u) after Shechitah, also the Todah should become Pasul!

(g)

Answer: Todah is different, for the Torah calls it 'Shelamim'. Just like Shelamim is brought without bread, Todah may be brought (l'Shem Shelamim) without bread.

(h)

(R. Yirmeyah): If Tenufah is Zokek:

46b----------------------------------------46b

1.

If (after Tenufah) Shtei ha'Lechem were lost (or Nifsalim), the lambs are Nifsalim. If the lambs were lost, the bread is Nifsal;

(i)

Question: If Tenufah is not Zokek:

1.

If (after Tenufah with the lambs) the bread was lost and new bread was brought, does it require Tenufah with the lambs?

2.

There is no question if the lambs were lost. Surely Tenufah is required (for they permit the bread);

3.

Even when the bread was lost, there is no question according to Ben Nanas, who says that the lambs are primary. (Surely, another Tenufah is not required.)

4.

The question is according to R. Akiva, who says that the bread is primary;

i.

Since the bread is primary, Tenufah is required;

ii.

Or, since the lambs permit the bread, no other Tenufah is required!

(j)

This question is not resolved.

2)

WHAT IS MEKADESH THE BREAD?

(a)

Question (Abaye): What is the difference between the two lambs, which are Mekadesh the bread and are Me'akev it, and the seven lambs, which are neither Mekadesh the bread nor Me'akev it?

(b)

Answer #1 (Rava): The bread is waved (Tenufah) with the two lambs, but not with the seven.

(c)

Rejection: Lachmei Todah are not waved with the Todah, yet the Todah is Mekadesh the bread and is Me'akev it!

(d)

Answer #2: We learn from Todah. It is a Shelamim, and it is Mekadesh and Me'akev the bread. Likewise, only Shelamim (the two lambs) are Mekadesh and Me'akev the bread. (The seven lambs are Olos.)

(e)

Rejection: We cannot learn from Lachmei Todah, for no other Korban accompanies them. Other Korbanos are brought with Shtei ha'Lechem. Perhaps all are Mekadesh it!

(f)

Answer #3: We learn from Lachmei Nazir. Three Korbanos accompany them, yet only the ram, which is a Shelamim, is Mekadesh the bread. Likewise, only the two lambs are Mekadesh Shtei ha'Lechem!

(g)

Question: What is the source that only the ram is Mekadesh Lachmei Nazir?

(h)

Answer (Beraisa): "V'Es ha'Ayil Ya'aseh Zevach Shelamim la'Shem Al Sal ha'Matzos" teaches that the bread is a Chovah of the ram, and Shechitah of the ram is Mekadesh it;

1.

Therefore, if the ram was slaughtered Lo Lishmah, the bread is not Mekudash.

3)

SHTEI HA'LECHEM WITHOUT THE LAMBS

(a)

(Beraisa): If Shtei ha'Lechem was brought by itself, we wait for Ibur Tzurah. (It is left overnight, and become Pasul due to Linah.)

(b)

Question: In any case, this is difficult!

1.

If Shtei ha'Lechem brought by itself may be eaten, it should be eaten;

2.

If it must be burned, it should be burned right away, why must we wait for Ibur Tzurah?!

(c)

Answer #1 (Rabah): Mid'Oraisa, it may be eaten. Chachamim decreed not to eat it, lest the next year the two lambs will be brought, and Kohanim will eat the bread before offering the lambs (because they recall that the previous year the bread did not need lambs to permit it. They will not realize that when the lambs are brought, the lambs permit it.)

(d)

Support (Rabah, for himself - Mishnah - R. Yehudah): If a Kohen is Shokel (gives a half-Shekel), he does not transgress;

1.

R. Yochanan ben Zakai: Rather, a Kohen who is not Shokel transgresses!

2.

Kohanim (incorrectly) expound the following, to their advantage;

i.

"V'Chol Minchas Kohen Kalil Tihyeh Lo Se'achel"- if Kohanim would be Shokel, they would be (joint) owners of (all Korbanos Tzibur, including) the Omer, Lechem ha'Panim and Shtei ha'Lechem. If so, these could not be eaten!

3.

Question: What is the case of Shtei ha'Lechem?

i.

If it was brought with the two lambs, even if it belongs (also) to Kohanim it may be eaten, just like a Kohen who brings Lachmei Todah with a Todah!

4.

Answer #1: Rather, it was brought without the lambs, and the Mishnah says that it may be eaten!

(e)

Rejection (and Answer #2 to Question (3) - Abaye): Really, it was brought with the lambs;

1.

We cannot learn from Todah, for Lachmei Todah are not called 'Minchah' (therefore, "v'Chol Minchas Kohen..." does not apply to it), but Shtei ha'Lechem is called Minchah - "b'Hakrivchem Minchah Chadashah la'Shem."

(f)

Answer #2 (to Question (b) - Rav Yosef): Really, it must be burned;

1.

It may not be burned right away, because we do not burn Kodshim on Yom Tov.

(g)

Objection (Abaye): That Halachah (we do not burn Kodshim on Yom Tov) refers to Kodshim that (b'Di'eved) became Pesulim. Shtei ha'Lechem brought by itself should be burned. This may be done on Yom Tov, like the burning of the bull and goat of Yom Kipur!

(h)

Answer #3 (Rav Yosef): (It must be burned.) Chachamim decreed not to burn it right away, for perhaps lambs will be found later in the day. (After we offer them, the bread may be eaten.)

(i)

Question (Abaye): Granted, they should not be burned as long as we could offer the two lambs (Rashi - until the afternoon Tamid; Tosfos - until night.) Why must we wait until Ibur Tzurah, i.e. morning?

(j)

Answer (Rav Yosef): Indeed, 'Ibur Tzurah' in the Mishnah refers to the lastest time to offer the lambs.

(k)

Defense of Answer #1 (Rava): Really, it may be eaten. Chachamim decreed, lest Kohanim err the next year when lambs will be brought;

1.

This is like Rabah, but I (Rava) learn from a different source.

2.

"Mi'Moshvoseichem Tavi'u Lechem Tenufah" - just like Bikurim are brought by themselves, and are eaten, Shtei ha'Lechem may be brought by themselves, and are eaten.

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