1)

TOSFOS DH "Bishlama"

תוס' ד"ה "בשלמא"

(SUMMARY: Tosfos explains why the Gemara asked its question in a seemingly complicated fashion.)

בלא איפכא הוי מצי למימר בשלמא אי אמר רב נחמן משהגיע גט לידה מגורשת הוה ש"מ דאדיבורא דידה סמיך

(a)

Implied Question: The Gemara could have asked a question without saying, "If it were the opposite, it would be understandable." It could have said that it would be understandable if Rav Nachman had said that when she receives the Get she is divorced. This would teach us that we are relying on her words (not those of the messenger). (Note: Why didn't the Gemara just say this, instead of saying a more complicated question that it would be understandable if it were the opposite?)

אלא משום דבאיתמר איפכא איכא תרי גווני נקטיה.

(b)

Answer: Rather, the reason why it asks the question in this fashion is to show that there are two possible laws that emerge from this question. (Note: This is as the Gemara states, that if Rav Nachman would have said when it gets to his hand she is divorced, it shows we rely on her word. If it would have said when it gets to her hand she is divorced, it would have shown we rely on his word.)

2)

TOSFOS DH "Rebbi Omer"

תוס' ד"ה "רבי אומר"

(SUMMARY: Tosfos explains why there is no contradiction in Rebbi's position from an earlier Gemara.)

דהולך כזכי

(a)

Explanation: This is because Rebbi holds "take" is like "acquire."

ואע"ג דבסוף פ"ק (לעיל דף יד: סבר ר' יהודה הנשיא דהיינו רבי דהולך לאו כזכי גבי הולך מנה לפלוני

(b)

Implied Question: At the end of the first chapter (14b), Rebbi Yehuda ha'Nasi, who is Rebbi, holds explicitly that "take" is unlike "acquire" when he discusses the case of "take a Manah to Ploni." (Note: How, then, can Rebbi in our Gemara say that "take" is like saying "acquire?")

שאני הכא כיון שאמר ליה שליח אשתך אמרה קבל לי גיטי סתמא דמילתא דאדעתא דהכי יהיב ליה.

(c)

Answer: Our case is different. Being that the messenger said to him that his wife said that the messenger should accept the Get, it must be that when he gave the messenger the Get, he did so in order that the messenger should accept it and she should immediately be divorced.

63b----------------------------------------63b

3)

TOSFOS DH "d'Kadmah"

תוס' ד"ה "דקדמה"

(SUMMARY: Tosfos gives another possible difference between the two answers.)

הוה מצי למימר דאיכא בינייהו היכא דלא קפיד בעל.

(a)

Observation: It could have said that the difference between them is where the husband is not Makpid. (Note: In such a case, there is no denigration of the husband.)

4)

TOSFOS DH "Kosvin"

תוס' ד"ה "כותבין"

(SUMMARY: Tosfos says that if the husband should ensure that he tells the messengers that they should do whatever they need to do to give a kosher Get.)

נראה לר"י היכא דלא נאבד הגט אלא שמסופקין בו אם נעשה כתיקון אם לאו דאין לעשות אחר שהרי עשו שליחותן אם הוא כשר לפיכך טוב ללמד את הבעל שיצוה לעשות כמו שירצו עד שיצאו מן הספק.

(a)

Opinion: The Ri understands that if the Get was not lost, but there is a doubt whether or not it was done in a valid manner, the messengers have no ability to make another Get, as the messengers did their job for which they were sent if the first Get is indeed valid. Therefore, it is good to teach the husband that he should instruct the messengers to do whatever they need to do until there is no doubt. (Note: See the notes on the Tosfos Ha'Rosh (#17) regarding an answer to the obvious question that if the Get is valid, there is no problem. If it is not, they should be able to write another Get.)

5)

TOSFOS DH "Afilu"

תוס' ד"ה "אפילו"

(SUMMARY: Tosfos explains the meaning of the word "Afilu" in the Mishnah, and why these testimonies are not each considered only "half of an event.")

וא"ת מאי אפילו אדרבה הכי עדיף טפי דלא הוי חצי דבר

(a)

Question: What does the Mishna mean when it says, "Even etc.?" On the contrary, it is best this way, as this means that when the witnesses testify they are not stating only half of the testimony (but rather they can testify to the entire divorce).

וי"ל משום דבכת אחת דומה לשקר דהיכי מתרמי שהיו בשעת אמירה ובשעת קבלה וגבי גט הוה לן למיחש שמא שכרתם האשה כדאשכחן בסוף פירקין באומר אמרו שמא תשכור עדים

(b)

Answer: If there is only one group, it appears to be a lie. How could it be that they were there both when the husband said this and when she accepted the Get? Regarding the Get, it is possible we should suspect that perhaps the woman hired them, as we find at the end of the chapter when the Gemara says, "perhaps she will hire witnesses."

והדר קאמר או אחד מן הראשונים ואחד מן האחרונים ואחד מצטרף עמהם אפילו לאותו יחידי לא חיישינן שמא שכרתו

1.

The Mishnah then continues that if one of the first group and another from the second group have a third person join them in each aspect of the testimony, we do not suspect that she hired that third witness.

וא"ת לר' עקיבא דאמר במרובה (ב"ק דף ע.) ובחזקת הבתים (ב"ב דף נו:) דבר ולא חצי דבר היכי מכשרינן הכא שתי כיתי עדים

(c)

Question: According to Rebbi Akiva who says in Bava Kama (70a) and in Bava Basra (56b) that valid testimony is only if it is of an entire event, not half of an event, how can we validate this Get when we need to put together the testimony of two separate groups of witnesses to make it valid?

וי"ל דלמ"ד בגמרא שליש נאמן לא צריכי עדי אמירה לעדי קבלה וכוליה דבר הוא

(d)

Answer: According to the opinion in the Gemara (64a) that a third party is believed (more than the husband as to the nature of the Shelichus), we do not require witnesses that she appointed the witnesses who received the Get. The witnesses who received the Get are therefore considered to know one full event on their own.

ואפילו למ"ד בעל נאמן ה"מ כששלשתן בעיר בעל שליש ואשה כמו שאפרש בגמ' הלכך כיון דאם אין שלשתן בעיר לא צריכי עדי אמירה לעדי קבלה כוליה דבר הוא.

1.

Even according to the opinion (64a) that the husband is believed over the third party, that is only if all three, the husband, wife, and third party (messenger) were in the same city, as I will explain later in the Gemara. Being that if they were not in the city we do not require witnesses that she appointed the witnesses who received the Get, these witnesses are considered to know one full event on their own.

6)

TOSFOS DH "Ba'al"

תוס' ד"ה "בעל"

(SUMMARY: Tosfos explains why the case was discussed in this fashion.)

הא דלא נקט בעל אומר להולכה ושליח אומר לקבלה

(a)

Implied Question: The Gemara did not state a case where the husband says that he gave the Get to be taken to his wife (and only valid when she receives it), while the messenger claims he was a messenger to accept the Get. (Note: Why not?)

משום דלא שייך האי טעמא דקאמר דאם איתא דלגירושין לדידה הוה יהיב לה אלא כשאומר הבעל לפקדון.

(b)

Answer: This is because the reasoning given that if he had wanted to divorce her he would have given it to her is not only applicable when the husband says that he gave it to the messenger as a deposit.

7)

TOSFOS DH "u'Shelish"

תוס' ד"ה "ושליש"

(SUMMARY: Tosfos explains that the case is where there are witnesses that she made the messenger into a Sheliach l'Kabalah.)

פירוש שאומר שהיה שליח לקבלה

(a)

Explanation: This means that the messenger says that the wife made him a "Sheliach l'Kabalah" -- "messenger to accept the Get" (and his acceptance would cause the divorce to take effect).

ומיירי כשיש שנים שמעידין בפנינו אמרה דשויתיה האשה שליח לקבלה כדתנן במתני'.

1.

The case is where there are two witnesses testifying that the woman made this messenger a Sheliach l'Kabalah in front of us, as stated in the Mishnah.