Mishnah 1
1)
(a)Why does the Mishnah forbid the separation of Tahor crops on Tamei crops?
(b)What will be the Din in the event that one did so?
(c)What does the Mishnah say about a round cake of figs, part of which became Tamei?
(d)How come that the Tamei figs do not render the Tahor ones Tamei anyway?
(e)Why is the significance of the term 'be'Emes Amru ... '?
1)
(a)The Mishnah forbids the separation of Tahor crops on Tamei crops - for fear that, in order to avoid the rormer being Metamei the latter, one will come to separate the Ma'asros 'she'Lo min ha'Mukaf' (not next to each other [see Tiferes Yisrael]).
(b)In the event that one did however - it is valid.
(c)The Mishnah adds - that the above Chumrah does not extend to a round cake of figs, part of which became Tamei (since they are already 'placed next to each other by choice').
(d)The Tamei figs do not render the Tahor ones Tamei - because they have not combined sufficiently to turn them into one entity (and food that is not an Av ha'Tum'ah is not Metamei food [see Tiferes Yisrael]).
(e)The significance of the term 'be'Emes Amru ... ' is - that it is Halachah (as if it was 'Halachah le'Moshe mi'Sinai').
2)
(a)Why does the Tana find it necessary to repeat the current ruling with regard to ...
1. ... a tied bundle of vegetables?
2. ... a loose pile of corn?
(b)What does the Tana Kama say about two cakes of figs, two tied bundles of vegetables or two loose piles of corn?
(c)What does Rebbi Eliezer say about all this?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
2)
(a)The Tana finds it necessary to repeat the previous ruling with regard to ...
1. ... a tied bundle of vegetables - because the vegetables are not one entity to the extent that figs are (and we may have therefore thought that the decree still applies to them).
2. ... a loose pile of corn - because they are even more sepasrate than the tied bundle of vegetables.
(b)The Tana Kama concludes - that two cakes of figs, two tied bundles of vegetables or two loose piles of corn are indeed included in the original prohibition.
(c)Rebbi Eliezer permits the separation of Tahor on Tamei (because in his opinion, the Chachamim did not agree with the Tana Kama's decree [see Mishnah Rishonah]).
(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 2
3)
(a)It is obviously forbidden to separate from Tamei on Tahor (since he causes the Kohen a loss [see Tiferes Yisrael]). What distinction does the Tana draw between Shogeg and Meizid with regard to there where one did?
(b)Under which circumstances will the Ma'asros be invalid, even if they weres Ma'asered be'Shogeg?
(c)The Tana applies the same distinction to a ben Levi who possesses Ma'aser Tevel. What is Ma'aser Tevel? What is the problem with it (see Tiferes Yisrael)?
(d)Under which circumstances is Rebbi Yehudah stringent, even by Shogeg?
(e)Like whom is the Halachah?
3)
(a)It is obviously forbidden to separate from Tamei on Tahor (since he causes the Kohen a loss [see Tiferes Yisrael]). In the event that one did - the Tana rules that be'Shogeg his Terumah is valid, whereas be'Meizid, it is not (see Tosfos Yom-Tov).
(b)In fact however, the Ma'asros will be invalid, even if it was Ma'asered be'Shogeg - if it became Tamei before it had a Sha'as ha'Kosher (i.e. before it reached the stage of Ma'asering).
(c)The Tana applies the same distinction to a ben Levi who has Ma'aser Tevel - which is Ma'aser Rishon that still contains T'rumas Ma'aser, which he uses to include other crops (she'Lo min ha'Mukaf [see also Tosfos Yom-Tov]).
(d)Rebbi Yehudah is stringent, even by Shogeg - if the owner was originally aware that it was Tamei or Tevel, and forgot.
(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 3
4)
(a)Why did the Chachmim forbid the Toveling of Tamei vessels on Shabbos?
(b)What distinction does the Mishnah draw between someone who did so be'Shogeg and someone who did so be'Meizid?
4)
(a)The Chachamim forbade the Toveling of Tamei vessels on Shabbos - because it resembles 'Mesaken' (repairing a vessel).
(b)The Mishnah rules that if someone did so be'Shogeg - he is permitted to use them, but not if he did so be'Meizid.
5)
(a)The Tana draws the same distinction between someone who Ma'asers on Shabbos be'Shogeg and someone who does so be'Meizid. What does he say about someone who cooks on Shabbos ...
1. ... be'Shogeg?
2. ... be'Meizid?
(b)What do we learn from the Pasuk in ki-Sissa "u'Shemartem es ha'Shabbos, ki Kodesh Hi"?
(c)Finally, the Tana obligates someone who plants on Shabbos or in the Sh'mitah year be'Meizid, to uproot what he planted. What distinction does he draw between someone who did so be'Shogeg on Shabbos and someone who did so in the Sh'mitah?
(d)Why were they more strict in the Sh'mitah year?
5)
(a)The Tana draws the same distinction between someone who Ma'asers on Shabbos be'Shogeg and someone who does so be'Meizid. And as for someone who cooks on Shabbos ...
1. ... be'Shogeg - he may eat it on Motzei Shabbos ...
2. ... but not if he did so be'Meizid.
(b)We learn from the Pasuk in Ki Sisa "u'Shemartem es ha'Shabbos, ki Kodesh Hi" - "Hi Kodesh", 've'Ein Ma'asehah Kodesh'. Consequently, in the latter case, others are allowed to eat it (on Motzei Shabbos [see Tosfos Rebbi Akiva Eiger]).
(c)Finally, the Tana obligates someone who plants on Shabbos or in the Shemitah year be'Meizid, to uproot what he planted; be'Shogeg - they permitted the former, but forbade the latter ...
(d)... because the people were widely suspected of breaking the Shemitah (but not Shabbos).
Mishnah 4
6)
(a)It is not permitted to Ma'aser one species on another. What does the Mishnah say about a case where one did?
(b)And what does the Tana say about Ma'asering ...
1. ... one kind of wheat or fig on another kind?
2. ... pressed figs or trodden figs on one another?
(c)If there is a Kohen available, one Ma'asers the best-tasting fruit on the rest. What does one Ma'aser in the event that there is no Kohen available?
(d)Assuming that one has fresh figs and pressed figs, what should one therefore separate assuming that there are ...
1. ... Kohanim available?
2. ... no Kohanim available?
6)
(a)It is not permitted to Ma'aser one species on another (see Meleches Sh'lomoh for sources). There where one did, says the Mishnah, 'Ein T'rumaso Terumah'.
(b)The Tana permits Ma'asering ...
1. ... one kind of wheat on another kind - because he considers them all to be the same species, and the same applies to Ma'asering ...
2. ... figs, pressed figs or trodden figs on one another.
(c)If there is a Kohen available, one separates the best-tasting fruit on the rest. If there is not, according to the Tana Kama, one separates - the one which keeps the longest.
(d)Consequently, someone who has fresh figs and pressed figs, and assuming that there are ...
1. ... Kohanim available - should separate from the fresh figs to cover the pressed ones as well.
2. ... no Kohanim around - should separate from the pressed ones.
7)
(a)What does Rebbi Yehudah say, based on the Pasuk in Korach "ba'Harimchem es Chelbo mimenu"?
(b)Like whom is the Halachah?
7)
(a)Based on the Pasuk in Korach "ba'Harimchem es Chelbo Mimenu", Rebbi Yehudah holds - that one must always separate from the superior quality fruit.
(b)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
Mishnah 5
8)
(a)To what does the Tana Kama give priority, regarding someone who has, among a batch of onions to be Ma'asered, a complete small onion and half a big one? From which one should he Ma'aser on the batch?
(b)On what basis does Rebbi Yehudah disagree?
8)
(a)According to the Tana Kama, someone who has, among a batch of onions to be Ma'asered, a complete small onion and half a big one - should separate from the whole one on the rest of the batch (see Tosfos Yom-Tov and Tosfos Anshei Shem).
(b)Rebbi Yehudah disagrees - on the basis of his previous ruling (always to separate from the best quality crops), which in this case, is the half of the large onion.
9)
(a)What is the difference between town-grown onions and those that are grown in the village?
(b)What does Rebbi Yehudah therefore say about Ma'asering one on the other?
(c)What practical proof does Rebbi Yehudah bring that town onions are superior? Who are Politikim?
9)
(a)Town-grown onions - tend to be better quality than those that are grown in the village, whereas the latter keep longer.
(b)Rebbi Yehudah therefore - requires separating Ma'asros from the town onion (and never from the village-grown ones).
(c)Rebbi Yehudah proves that town onions are superior - on the basis of the fact that the Politikim (the members of the royal household) eat them.
Mishnah 6
10)
(a)What are 'Zeisei ...
1. ... Shemen'?
2. ... Kevesh'?
(b)What does the Mishnah say about separating Zeisei ...
1. ... Shemen on Zeisei Kevesh?
2. ... Kevesh on Zeisei Shemen? Why the difference?
(c)By the same token, what does the Tana say about separating boiled wine on wine that has not been boiled, and vice-versa?
10)
(a)'Zeisei ...
1. ... Shemen' - are olives that one designates for producing oil.
2. ... Kevesh' - are olives that one pickles for eating.
(b)The Mishnah ...
1. ... permits separating Zeisei Shemen on Zeisei Kevesh (see Tosfos Rebbi Akiva Eiger 22 and Bo'az), but ...
2. ... not Zeisei Kevesh on Zeisei Shemen - because they are inferior quality.
(c)By the same token - the Tana forbids separating boiled wine on wine that has not been boiled, but permits vice-versa.
11)
(a)What principle governs the above ruling, which permits Ma'asering from good on bad?
(b)In which cases, may one not even Ma'aser good on bad? On which principle is it based?
(c)What do we learn from the Pasuk in Korach "Kol Chelev Yitzhar ve'Chol Chelev Tirosh"?
11)
(a)The principle that governs the above ruling, which permits Ma'asering from good on bad is - that whenever two species are not Kil'ayim together, one is permitted to Ma'aser from the good on to the bad.
(b)One may not however, Ma'aser even from a good species on to a bad one - if the two species form Kil'ayim together.
(c)We learn from the Pasuk in Korach "Kol Chelev Yitzhar ve'Chol Chelev Tirosh" - that each species must be Ma'asered independently (see Tosfos Rebbi Akiva Eiger 24).
12)
(a)With reference to two crops that are not subject to Kil'ayim, what will be the Din if one separated from the bad on to the good?
(b)The only exception to this rule is Zonin (a kind of legumes that grows together with wheat) on wheat. Why is that?
(c)The Tana Kama considers cucumbers and pickled cucumbers as belonging to one species. What does Rebbi Yehudah say?
(d)Like whom is the Halachah?
12)
(a)With reference to two crops that are not subject to Kil'ayim, if one separated from the bad on to the good - the Terumah is valid.
(b)The only exception to this rule is Zonin (a kind of legumes that grows together with wheat) on wheat - since one tends to feed it to doves.
(c)The Tana Kama considers cucumbers and pickled cucumbers as belonging to one species. Rebbi Yehudah - does not.
(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.
