1)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses 'Aris' - (a trellis of canes over which the branches of the vines extend).

(b)The case involves one row of five vines - that are planted beside a wall that is ten Tefachim high or a ditch that is ten Tefachim high and four Tefachim wide (see Mishnah Rishonah), on which the trellis is resting.

(c)The Tana Kama permits planting vegetables - at a distance of at least four Amos on the other side of the wall or the ditch

(d)The significance of this ruling is - that although Beis Hillel do not consider one row of vines a vineyard (as we learned in the fourth Perek), in this case they concede to Beis Shamai that it is.

(e)Beis Shamai measures the four Amos from the vines. According to Beis Hillel - we measure them from the wall or the ditch (a Chumra of Beis Hillel [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

2)

(a)R. Yochanan ben Nuri disagrees with the Tana Kama. In his opinion - Beis Hillel do not concede to Beis Shamai at all in the above case (and one requires a distance of only six Tefachim from the wall).

(b)According to him, the Din of four Amos (in connection with one row of vines) was said with regard to planting underneath the trellis in the space between the vines and the wall on which the vines are leaning.

(c)In the event that there is a space of four Amos between the vines and the wall he rules that - one must leave six Tefachim for Avodas ha'Kerem before being permitted to plant vegetables there.

(d)In fact, he concurs with the opinion of R. Yossi - who rules that even a single vine that is planted in a wine-press requires a distance of four Amos (in order to plant vegetables in the same area (as we learned in the previous Perek [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

3)

(a)The Tana (see Tiferes Yisrael) nevertheless requires Avodas Gefen Yechidis, which is six Tefachim, according to the Tana Kama, and according to R. Akiva - three Tefachim.

(b)The Halachah in this point is - like the Tana Kama.

4)

(a)Now the Tana discusses a trellis that protrudes from a Madreigah - (a tall mound of earth made in the form of steps) ...

(b)... on which the owner has placed the branches of his vines, and from which the clusters of grapes eventually hang.

(c)R. Eliezer ben Ya'akov forbids planting within four Amos of the trellis - if one is able to stand on the ground and pick the grapes from the entire area, without needing to climbing the steps or using a ladder.

(d)The Isur only applies Lechatchilah, Bedi'eved however - the grapes do not become forbidden.

5)

(a)If one is unable to reach the grapes on the trellis - then the prohibition of planting other species is restricted to underneath the trellis. But immediately outside the trellis, one is permitted to plant ...

(b)... even within four Amos of the vines.

6)

(a)R. Eliezer now discusses two rows of vines, that are growing on two different levels, with reference to - the two rows of vines (with one vine protruding) that Beis Hillel require to fall under the category of vineyard.

(b)The connection with the previous cases is that - here as well, there are steps (though no trellis) and one of the rows has been placed along one of the steps, whilst the second row is growing at ground level.

(c)R. Eliezer rules - that if the upper row is ten Tefachim higher than the lower one, the two rows do not combine to form a vineyard.

(d)The Halachah - like him the Tana Kama.

7)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses someone who places long branches of a vine on part of 'Apifrayos' - (interwoven pieces of wood or canes [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(b)The Tana - forbids planting other species anywhere underneath the Apirayos (even though there are no branches above them).

(c)This Isur applies only Lechatchilah. Bedieved - the other species do not become forbidden.

(d)They will become forbidden however - if after the branches grow and fill the Apifrayos, the species increased by one two-hundredth.

(e)The Tana concludes - that exactly the same rulings will apply with regard to long branches that have been placed over some of the branches of a non-fruit-bearing tree.

8)

(a)If the branches of the vine are lying across a fruit-tree - one is permitted to plant other species under the fruit-tree provided they are not directly underneath the vine branches ...

(b)... because (unlike a non-fruit-tree) a fruit-tree does not become Bateil to the vine.

(c)Should the branches grow over the area where he has planted the vegetables (see Tos. Yom-Tov) - one must simply move them back (see Tiferes Yisrael).

9)

(a)When R. Yehoshua went to visit R. Yishmael in K'far Aziz, the latter ...

1. ... showed him - a vine whose branches were lying over part of a fig-tree.

2. ... asked him - whether he was permitted to plant other species underneath the part of the fig-tree that was not underneath the vine-branches.

(b)R. Yehoshua replied - that it was permitted.

10)

(a)R. Yishmael then took R. Yehoshua to Beis Hamaganya, where he asked him about other vines - whose branches were lying partly over beams and partly over the root of a Shikmah (a wild-fig-tree [see Tiferes Yisrael]).

(b)R. Yehoshua ruled there - that it was forbidden to plant other species underneath the beams, but permitted underneath the spaces between the beams ...

(c)... because he considered each beam as if it was an independent tree (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

11)

(a)The Tana Kama defines 'Ilan S'rak' in this regard (like everywhere else) as a tree that does not grow fruit. According to R. Meir, most trees (even if they bear fruit) fall under the category of Ilan S'rak in this regard - except for olive and fig-trees ...

(b)... which are the only trees that are sufficiently Chashuv not to become Bateil to the vine.

(c)R. Yossi - precludes from Ilan S'rak any species of fruit-tree of which one would plant an entire field.

(d)The Halachah - is like the Tana Kama.

12)

(a)The Mishnah gives the Shi'ur of Piskei Aris as eight Amos *plus* - (i.e. a Tefach [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(b)'Piskei Aris' is a breach in the trellis on which the vines are lying. To be considered Piskei Aris - five vines must remain on either side of the breach.

(c)The Tana rules that one leaves K'dei Avodaso and plants the rest. The Shi'ur of K'dei Avodaso, according to ...

1. ... R. Yochanan ben Nuri (in Mishnah 1) - is six Tefachim on either side.

2. ... the Chachamim - is four Amos on either side.

(d)One is then permitted to plant, according to ...

1. ... R. Yochanan ben Nuri - the area that remains in the middle

2. ... the Chachamim - the remaining Tefach.

13)

(a)According to the Chachamim, if the Aris was considered a full-fledged Kerem, and one wanted to plant other species in the middle (like Karachas ha'Kerem), one would be required to leave - sixteen Amos.

(b)It is also evident that Aris is not a full-fledged Kerem - inasmuch as what one plants beyond six Tefachim of the vines is not Mekadesh (even underneath the trellis), whereas in a Kerem, whatver one plants within four Amos is Mekadesh.

(c)The Shi'ur of Piskei Aris is unique among the Shi'urim of a Kerem - in that it requires an additional Tefach ('ve'Od').

14)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses 'Aris she'Hu Yotzei min ha'Kosel mi'Toch ha'Keren ve'Kalah' - where two ends of a wall have a trellis, with three vines lying on one, and two on the other, and the middle section of the wall is empty (see Tiferes Yisrael & Mishnah Rishonah).

(b)According to the Tana Kama - after giving each side K'dei Avodaso (six Tefachim), one is permitted to plant the rest ...

(c)... even if the middle section of wall measures less than four Amos.

15)

(a)According to R. Yossi (in the current case) - one is only permitted to plant in the middle area, if it measures at least four Amos.

(b)Having already taught us this Din...

1. ... with regard to a vine in a wine-press or a hole in the ground (in the previous Perek), he nevertheless needs to repeat it here - to teach us that even here, where the vines are not enclosed on all four sides, one requires four Amos.

2. ... here, he needs to repeat it with regard to a vine in a wine-press or a hole in the ground - to teach us that the Din applies even where there is only one vine.

(c)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

16)

(a)The Tana permits planting other species underneath the canes of an Aris - provided they are excessive, only he cannot be bothered to cut them off.

(b)He forbids planting underneath those very same canes however - if he intends to use them as supports for the branches as they grow longer.

17)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses the 'Perach' - (the extended branches of the vine) that protrudes from the Aris.

(b)The Tana - permits planting beyond an imaginary 'Metuteles' (weight tied to a string used by builders to measure a ninety-degree angle) that hangs from the end at any point.

(c)In order to plant immediately beyond the Metuteles however, it must protrude - beyond the 'Avodah' of the vine (see Tiferes Yisrael).

18)

(a)And the Tana concludes 've'Chein be'Dalis', by which he means - that the same rulings apply to a single vine, whose branches are lying over loose poles ...

(b)... provided the branches have grown six Tefachim (the Avodah of a solitary vine) beyond the poles.

19)

(a)Regarding the branch os a vine that stretches from one tree to another - one is forbidden to plant underneath it.

(b)If however, the branch does not reach the second tree, and one needs to attach it by means of a piece of string or reed - then one is permitted to plant underneath the string ...

(c)... unless he intends to use it as a support for the branches as they grow longer, in which case it is forbidden.