1)

(a)The Mishnah permits feeding D'mai to poor people and to 'Achsenai' - Jewish soldiers who are staying temporarily in town and whom the locals are obligated to provide with food (see also Tiferes Yisrael).

(b)If the poor person is a Chaver - one must inform him that what he is feeding him is D'mai, leaving the recipient the choice whether to Ma'aser the food or not.

(c)The Chachamim disagree with Raban Gamliel, who used to feed his workers D'mai, on the grounds that - seeing as he is obligated to feed his workers, he is paying off his debt with D'mai, which they forbid.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

2)

(a)When feeding food, part of which is Ma'asered and part of which is D'mai, to Aniyim, some of who are Chaverim and some of whom are Amei-ha'Aretz, Beis Shamai obligate the Gabai Tzedakah - to distribute it in such a way that it is the latter who receive which is Ma'asered, and the former, that which is not ...

(b)... because Beis Shamai do not hold of the concession of feeding D'mai to the poor.

3)

(a)According to the Chachamim ...

1. ... the Gaba'ei Tzedakah claim from the Balabatim S'tam (without drawing any distinction between what is Ma'asered and what is D'mai), and distribute it S'tam.

2. ... those recipients who want to Ma'aser (i.e. the Chaverim, who are obligated to do so, as we shall now see), and those who do not (i.e. the Amei-ha'Aretz), are not.

(b)The Rambam extrapolates from the Lashon of the Mishnah 'Ma'achilin es ha'Aniyim D'mai' (as opposed to 'ha'Aniyim Ochlin D'mai') - that it is only as guests at the table of a Chaver that the poor are permitted to eat D'mai, but not at their own table (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

4)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a Chaver who wants to cut of the leaves of a bundle of vegetables of D'mai and to throw them away - to make the bundles less heavy.

(b)If the bundles have not yet been tied - they are not subject to Ma'aser (Tos. Yom-Tov).

5)

(a)The Tana rules that if a Chaver is purchasing bundles of vegetables of D'mai in the market, and after picking some of them up and examining them, he decides to return them - he is obligated to Ma'aser them first ...

(b)... due to the fact that, when he picked them up he immediately acquired them (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(c)... this in turn, is based on the fact that their price is pre-fixed (so many bundles per P'rutah)

(d)Seeing as he is now returning less that what he took - he is also required to reimburse the seller for the Ma'asros that he separated.

6)

(a)If he was examining the vegetables with the intention of purchasing them, but changed his mind without actually having picked them up - he is permitted to retract without having to Ma'aser what he intended to purchase (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

7)

(a)The Mishnah rules that a Chaver who finds fruit of D'mai on the street (see Mishnah Rishonah) and takes it with the intention of eating it, but changes his mind (see Tos. Yom-Tov) and decides to store it instead (see Tos. Yom-Tov) - is obligated to Ma'aser it first ...

(b)... because a Chaver is forbidden to retain in his possession anything that has not been Ma'asered.

(c)The Tana exempts him from first Ma'asering the fruit however - if he takes it, not in order to eat it, but to prevent it from getting lost (i.e. becoming abused).

8)

(a)One may not send D'mai as a gift to one's friend - because one is forbidden to sell it (and whatever one may not sell, one may not give as a gift either).

(b)He is permitted however, to sell it, and consequently, to also send it as a gift to a friend - if a large quantity is involved.

(c)R. Yossi - permits sending (even a small quantity of) Vaday (Tevel) as a gift to a friend (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

9)

(a)The status of wheat that a Chaver takes to a grinder who is a Kuti or an Am-ha'Aretz remains unaltered (and is permitted), as regards both ...

1. ... Ma'asros and ...

2. ... Sh'mitah (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)If the grinder is a Nochri - the ground wheat that the Chaver receives now has the status of D'mai.

(c)The Din with regard to a Kuti has changed since the times of the Mishnah however - because, when they subsequently discovered on Mount Gerizim the image of a pigeon that they worshipped, the Chachamim declared them Nochrim in every respect.

10)

(a)The Tana Kama now rules, regarding Ma'asros and Shevi'is, that 'fruit' (see Tos. Ym-Tov DH 'ke'Peirosav') which the owner deposits with ...

1. ... a Kuti or an Am-ha'Aretz - retains its Chazakah.

2. ... a Nochri - has the same Din as his own 'fruit' (which in fact, is not subject to Ma'asros).

(b)The reason for the former ruling is - because neither the Kuti nor the Am-ha'Aretz is suspected of changing what he receives as a deposit.

(c)To reconcile the latter ruling with the earlier ruling, which declared the wheat that the Nochri ground, D'mai - we confine the earlier ruling to a grinder, who has under his jurisdiction, boxes of wheat from many different people, waiting to be ground. Consequently, we are afraid that he may have switched the wheat of the Chaver with wheat from a box belonging to a Yisrael Am-ha'Aretz.

(d)R. Shimon declares the latter D'mai - because he suspects that an Am ha'Aretz also deposited fruit by him and he inadvertently switched them.

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

11)

(a)Regarding a guest who gives the food that he carries with him to his hostess for safekeeping - the Mishnah obligates him to Ma'aser it both before giving it to her and after she has returned it to him.

(b)The first half of this ruling is based on the principle - that a Chaver does not allow anything to leave his domain without Ma'asering it first (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)The reason for the second half of the ruling is - because a hostess (unlike a regular Am-ha'Aretz) is suspected of switching the food that she receives with food of her own ...

(d)... in spite of the fact that an Am-ha'Aretz is not suspected of switching the wheat of a Chaver, as we learned earlier - because a hostess is intent on giving good service, and is therefore likely to switch the food that she receives with better quality food of her own.

12)

(a)R. Yossi declares that we are not responsible for swindlers - by which he means that the Chaver is not obligated to Ma'aser the food before handing it to his hostess.

(b)He also holds that she is suspect (not of switching the food for better-quality food, but) of taking it for herself (and presumably replacing it with inferior-quality food of her own [see also Tos. Yom-Tov & Mishnah Rishonah]).

(c)The Halachah - is like the Tana Kama.

13)

(a)The Tana now issues the same ruling with regard to someone who gives his dough or a food-dish to his mother-in-law to prepare as he did in the previous case.

(b)R. Yehudah explains that this is - because she is suspect of switching any food that her son-in-law gives her that is going off (see Tos. Yom-Tov) because a. she wants her daughter to have good-quality food, and b. she is embarrassed as to what her son-in-law will think of her if she allows him to eat spoiled food.

(c)R. Yehudah cannot be coming to argue with the Tana Kama - because he is the Tana Kama (and the Gemara amends the Lashon of the Mishnah to accommodate this fact).

(d)Regarding the same scenario that takes place in the Sh'mitah-year - he rules leniently, because Amei-ha'Aretz in general, take Sh'mitah seriously, in which case a mother-in-law will not dare switch the food, even if it is going off.

(e)The Halachah - is like R. Yehudah (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'Amar R. Yehudah')