Mishnah 1
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1)

(a)There are some things that require Hechsher but not Machshavah, and others that require both. If Hechsher means contact with water, what does Machshavah mean?

(b)What are the ramifications of the Mishnah's second ruling?

(c)What are the two remaining combinations of Hechsher & Machshavah?

(d)What does the Tana incorporate in the first ruling?

1)

(a)There are some things that require Hechsher but not Machshavah, and others that require both. Hechsher means contact with water, Machshavah - the intention to eat it.

(b)The ramifications of the Mishnah's second ruling are that - unless those things both have Hechsher and one specifically has the intention of eating them (in the reverse order [Mishnah Achronah]), they will not become subject to Tum'ah.

(c)The two remaining combinations of Hechsher & Machshavah are - 1. that they require neither Hechsher nor Machshavah and 2. that they require Machshavah but not Hechsher.

(d)The Tana incorporates in the first ruling - whatever is considered a food for human consumption (see Tiferes Yisrael).

Mishnah 2
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2)

(a)The Mishnah now opens a new list with someone who cuts off a piece of flesh from a human-being, an animal, a wild beast or a bird. Why are these not Tamei anyway because of Basar min ha'Chai?

(b)To which of the four rulings in the previous Mishnah do they pertain?

2)

(a)The Mihnah now opens a new list with someone who cuts off a piece of flesh from a human-being (see Tos. Yom-Tov), an animal, a wild beast or a bird, which are not Tamei anyway because of Basar min ha'Chai - since they are not complete limbs (which would be Tamei because of Eiver min ha'Chai).

(b)They pertain to - the second of the four rulings listed in the previous Mishnah (food that requires both Machshavah & Hechsher).

3)

(a)What does the Tana say about a piece of Nivlas Of Tamei or a piece of Cheilev in a village?

(b)Why does Nivlas Of Tamei require Machshavah? Why is it not Tamei anyway?

(c)What is the Din regarding a piece of Cheilev in a town?

(d)Why the difference?

3)

(a)The Tana rules that a piece of Nivlas Of Tamei or a piece of Cheilev in a village - belongs in this list.

(b)Nivlas Of Tamei is not Tamei anyway, and therefore requires Machshavah - because it is not Metamei Tum'ah Chamurah (it is not Metamei Adam ve'Keilim, since it is not an Av ha'Tum'ah).

(c)A piece of Cheilev (see Tos. Yom-Tov) in a town - does not require Machshavah ...

(d)... seeing as there many people there who come to visit the market, out of whom there are many who would eat it (which is not the case in a village).

4)

(a)The Mishnah includes in this list all field vegetables except for Mishmarka'im (a sharp species of onion) and mushrooms. On what grounds do the former require Machshavah?

(b)R. Yehudah also precludes K'risei Sadeh, Regilah (a kind of herb) & Netz-Chalav. What are 'K'risei Sadeh'?

(c)Netz-Chalav might be a kind of flower that is white like milk. What else might it be?

4)

(a)The Mishnah includes in this list all field vegetables except for Mishmarka'im (a sharp species of onion) and mushrooms. The former require Machshavah - because they are not planted in the garden, seeing as they are not generally designated as food for humans.

(b)R. Yehudah also precludes K'risei Sadeh - (wild leek), Regilah (a kind of herb) & Netz-Chalav.

(c)Netz-Chalav is either a kind of flower that is white like milk, or - a herb from which flows a milky substance when it is cut.

5)

(a)R. Shimon adds Akaviyos to the exceptions (which the Torah calls Dardar), and R. Yossi, K'losin. What kind of plant is Akaviyos?

(b)What do R. Yehudah, R. Shimon and R. Yossi all have in common?

(c)Into which category in the first Mishnah do all these items therefore fit?

5)

(a)R. Shimon adds Akaviyos to the exceptions - a kind of thorn (which the Torah calls 'Dardar'), and R. Yossi, K'losin.

(b)What R. Yehudah, R. Shimon and R. Yossi all have in common is that - each one considers the species that they refer to as food that is designated for humans.

(c)Consequently, all these items - fit into the second category (which requires Machsahvah & Hechsher).

Mishnah 3
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6)

(a)Why does the Neveilah of a Tamei (non-Kasher) animal ...

1. ... require Machshavah?

2. ... not require Hechsher?

(b)Seeing as the former is Metamei anyway, why does it require Machshavah to be Metamei Tum'as Ochlin?

(c)On what condition does the Tana include the Neveilah of a Tahor bird in this list?

(d)Why does it not require Hechsher?

(e)What Tum'ah Chamurah is it ultimately Metamei?

6)

(a)The Neveilah of a Tamei (non-Kasher) animal (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

1. ... requires Machshavah - because it is not generally eaten.

2. ... does not require Hechsher - because it will ultimately be Metamei Tum'ah Chamurah.

(b)Despite the fact that the former is Metamei anyway, it nevertheless requires Machshavah to be Metamei Tum'as Ochlin - in a case where less than a k'Zayis of it combines with less than a k'Beitzah of food to make up the Shi'ur k'Beitzah.

(c)The Tana includes the Neveilah of a Tahor bird in this list (see Tos. Yom-Tov) - in the villages, where it is not generally eaten.

(d)It does not require Hechsher - because it too, will ultimately be Metamei Tum'ah Chamurah ...

(e)... inasmuch as whoever eats it is Metamei the clothes he is wearing.

7)

(a)The Neveilah of a Beheimah Tehorah requires neither Machshavah nor Hechsher. On what condition does the Tana add to the list ...

1. ... the Neveilah of a Tahor bird?

2. ... Cheilev?

(b)Why does ...

1. ... the former not require Hechsher?

2. ... the latter not require Hechsher?

(c)On what condition does R. Shimon include in this list the Neveilah of a camel, a hare and a rabbit?

(d)Which other animal does he include?

(e)Like whom is the Halachah?

7)

(a)The Neveilah of a Beheimah Tehorah requires neither Machshavah nor Hechsher. The Tana adds to the list ...

1. ... the Neveilah of a Tahor bird and ...

2. ... Cheilev - in the markets (where there are many people, as we explained earlier).

(b)The ...

1. ... former does not require Hechsher - because it is Metamei the person who eats it Tum'ah Chamurah.

2. ... latter does not require Hechsher - because the Tana is referring to the Cheilev of a Tamei animal, which is Metamei Tum'ah Chamurah just like its flesh (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)R. Shimon includes in this list the Neveilah of a camel, hare and rabbit - in the market.

(d)The other animal he includes is - a Chazir.

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

Mishnah 4
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8)

(a)What does the Mishnah say about a Zar who eats aniseed of Terumah after it has added taste to the pot?

(b)Why is that?

(c)In what other respect is it not considered food?

8)

(a)The Mishnah rules that a Zar who eats aniseed of Terumah after it has added taste to the pot - is not Chayav for eating Terumah ...

(b)... because it loses its status, and is considered like a mere piece of wood.

(c)It is not considered food - with regard to Tum'as Ochlin either.

9)

(a)According to the Tana Kama, at which stage do the tender branches of trees during the budding season (Lulvei Zeradim [see also Tiferes Yisrael]) and of an Adol (a vegetable similar to a radish) become subject to Tum'as Ochlin?

(b)What does he say about the leaves of a species of onion called Luf ha'Shoteh? Why is that?

(c)R. Shimon adds Paku'os to the list. What might Paku'os mean besides a small species of water-melon which has a bitter taste?

(d)Like whom is the Halachah?

9)

(a)According to the Tana Kama, the tender branches of trees during the budding season (Lulvei Zeradim [see also Tiferes Yisrael]) and of an Adol (a vegetable similar to a radish) become subject to Tum'as Ochlin - only when they turn sweet (because that is when they are considered a food), and the same applies to ...

(b)... a species of onion called Luf ha'Shoteh.

(c)R. Shimon adds to the list Paku'os, which means either a small species of water-melon which has a bitter taste - or a wild pumpkin.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

Mishnah 5
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10)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a variety of spices, including Kosht (Kostus), Chemes, and what it calls major spices (such as muscat-nuts and Nerd (spikanard [see also Tos. Yom-Tov]). Chemes might be ginger. What else might it be?

(b)What does the Tana say about them (and the items that follow)? What is one permitted to purchase them with?

(c)The list concludes with Ti'ah, Chiltis, Pilpelin & Chalos Chari'a. Ti'ah is a species of Chiltis. What is Chalos Chari'a?

(d)What do they have in common?

10)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a variety of spices, including Kosht (Kostus), Chemes, and what it calls 'main spices (such as muscat-nuts and Nerd (spikanard [see also Tos. Yom-Tov]). Chemes is either ginger - or cinnamon.

(b)The Tana rules that - they (and the items that follow) may be purchased with the money of Ma'aser Sheini.

(c)The list concludes with Ti'ah, Chiltis, Pilpelin & Chalos Chari'a. Ti'ah is a species of Chiltis and Chalos Chari'a - is wild Saffron (that grows in the forest [see Tiferes Yisrael & also Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(d)What they have in common is - that they all have a foul smell.

11)

(a)What does R. Akiva learn from the Pasuk in Re'ei "ve'Nasata ha'Kesef ... ve'Achalta Sham", with regard to the above?

(b)Why not (bearing in mind that they all enhance the taste or the smell of the food to which they are added)?

(c)On what grounds does R. Yochanan ben Nuri disagree with R. Akiva? What are the two possibilities, according to him?

(d)What is therefore the Halachah?

11)

(a)R. Akiva learns from the Pasuk in Re'ei "ve'Nasata ha'Kesef ... ve'Achalta Sham" - that the above items are not subject to Tum'as Ochlin ...

(b)... (in spite of the fact that they all enhance the taste or the smell of the food to which they are added) - because they cannot be eaten as they are.

(c)R. Yochanan ben Nuri disagrees with R. Akiva. According to him - if they can be purchased with money of Ma'aser Sheini, then they must be subject to Tum'as Ochlin, and if they are not subject to Tum'as Ochlin, then they cannot be purchased with Ma'aser Sheini money.

(d)The Halachah is like R. Yochanan ben Nuri - They are not Metamei Tum'as Ochlin and cannot be purchased with Ma'aser Sheini money.

Mishnah 6
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12)

(a)R. Akiva declares Pagin and Boser subject to Tum'as Ochlin. What is ...

1. ... Pagin?

2. ... Boser?

(b)What is the Shi'ur Boser?

(c)Which stage is earlier?

(d)What does R. Yochanan ben Nuri say (see Tiferes Yisrael & Tos. Yom-Tov DH 've'ha'Boser')?

(e)Like whom is the Halachah?

12)

(a)R. Akiva declares

1. ... Pagin - figs (or any other fruit that is not yet ripe) and ...

2. ... Boser - unripe grapes, subject to Tum'as Ochlin.

(b)The Shi'ur Boser is - the size of a large white bean.

(c)Pagin - is an earlier stage than Boser.

(d)According to R. Yochanan ben Nuri - they are only Metamei Tum'as Ochlin once they reach the stage of Ma'aser (as prescribed in Ma'asros), which is a later stage than that of the Tana Kama (see Tiferes Yisrael).

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

13)

(a)According to Beis Shamai, Peritzei Zeisim va'Anavim are subject to Tum'as Ochlin. What are Peritzei Zeisim va'Anavim?

(b)Why are they called by that name? What is the meaning of the equivalent term used with regard to people?

13)

(a)According to Beis Shamai, Peritzei Zeisim va'Anavim - olives and grapes that harden before they turn ripe, which cannot be pressed [see Tos. Yom-Tov]) are subject to Tum'as Ochlin.

(b)They are called by that name - because the equivalent term used with regard to people means tough (evil) men.

14)

(a)On the other hand, Beis Shamai do not consider Ketzach (poppy-seeds) subject to Tum'ah. If it is not a food, why does one add it to the bread?

(b)What do Beis Hillel say?

(c)What does the Tana mean when he concludes ve'Chein le'Ma'asros?

14)

(a)On the other hand, Beis Shamai do not consider Ketzach (poppy-seeds) subject to Tum'ah. Even though it is not a food, one adds it to the bread - because it prevents a pain in the heart.

(b)Beis Hillel - declares it Metamei Tum'as Ochlin.

(c)When the Tana concludes ve'Chein le'Ma'asros, he means that - just as the Tana'im argue over Tum'as Ochlim, so too do they argue over whether the items are subject to Ma'aser or not.

Mishnah 7
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15)

(a)The Mishnah considers Kor wood to all intents and purposes. What is Kor?

(b)When is it considered wood?

(c)What are the ramifications of the Mishnah's ruling?

(d)Then on what grounds can it be purchased with the money of Ma'aser Sheini?

(e)How will the Din differ during the summer?

15)

(a)The Mishnah considers Kor - (soft wood that grows on top of a date-palm, which is edible) wood to all intents and purposes ...

(b)... but only during the winter, when it turns hard.

(c)The ramifications of the Mishnah's ruling are that - it is not Mitamei Tum'as Ochlin.

(d)Nevertheless, it can be purchased with the money of Ma'aser Sheini - because it is P'ri mi'P'ri and grows from the ground (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

(e)During the summer - it is considered food.

16)

(a)The Tana considers Kofniyos (dates that are not yet properly ripe) food regarding Tum'as Ochlin. Why are they then not subject to Ma'asros (see Tiferes Yisrael).

16)

(a)The Tana considers Kofniyos (dates that are not yet properly ripe) food (see Tiferes Yisrael) regarding Tum'as Ochlin. Yet they are not subject to Ma'asros - because they have not yet reached the stage of Ma'asros.

Mishnah 8
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17)

(a)According to Beis Shamai, a fish is subject to Tum'ah from the moment it is caught. What do Beis Hillel say?

(b)R. Akiva qualifies Beis Hillel. What does he say?

(c)Like whom is the Halachah?

17)

(a)According to Beis Shamai, a fish is subject to Tum'ah from the moment it is caught. Beis Hillel declare it Tahor - until it dies.

(b)R. Akiva qualifies Beis Hillel - in that it is only Tahor as long as it will survive if it thrown back into the water (but not if is will not).

(c)The Halachah is - like Beis Hillel.

18)

(a)R. Yehudah declares Tahor the figs on a branch that has been severed from the tree but is still connected by the bark.

(b)What do the Chachamim say?

(c)Like whom is the Halachah?

(d)What does the Mishnah say about a stalk of wheat that has been severed from the ground? On what condition does the Tana declare it Tahor?

18)

(a)R. Yehudah declares Tahor the figs on a branch that has been severed from the tree but is still connected by the bark - because it is considered still attached to the ground (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)According to the Chachamim - it depends on whether the branch will continue to grow if it is tied to the tree or not (like R. Akiva in the previous ruling).

(c)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

(d)The Mishnah declares Tahor a stalk of wheat that has been severed from the ground - provided it is joined to the ground even by one small root.

Mishnah 9
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19)

(a)What does the Mishnah learn from the Pasuk in Tzav "ve'Cheilev Neveilah ... Ye'aseh le'Chol Melachah"?

(b)Why should it therefore require Hechsher?

19)

(a)The Mishnah learns from the Pasuk in Tzav "ve'Cheilev Neveilah ... Ye'aseh le'Chol Melachah" that - the Cheilev of a Tahor species of animal (see Tos. Yom-Tov) that died (see Tos. Yom-Tov) is not Metamei Tum'as Neveilos.

(b)It therefore requires Hechsher - since any food that is not ultimately subject to a more stringent Tum'ah, requires Hechsher before it becomes subject to Tum'as Ochlin.

20)

(a)What is the equivalent Din regarding the Cheilev of a Tamei species of animal?

(b)How does the Tana learn this from "ve'Cheilev T'reifah" in the above Pasuk?

(c)What does the latter ruling refer to, seeing as it is Tamei Tum'as Neveilos anyway?

(d)Does it require Machshavah?

20)

(a)The Cheilev of a Tamei species of animal on the other hand - is Metamei Tum'as Neveilos, and does not therefore, require Hechsher.

(b)The Tana learns this from "ve'Cheilev T'reifah" in the above Pasuk - in that the above ruling pertains specifically to the Cheilev of those species of animal which are subject to T'reifah, but not to the Cheilev of those that are not (that of non-Kasher animals, whose becoming T'reifah is synonymous with their Shechitah).

(c)Seeing as it is Tamei Tum'as Neveilos anyway, the latter ruling must refer to a case - of less than a k'Zayis of Cheilev from a Beheimah Teme'ah, which one combines with less than a k'Beitzah of food to make up the Shi'ur k'Beitzah (as we learned earlier in the Perek).

(d)It does however, require Machshavah (just like the meat, as we learned earlier in the Perek).

21)

(a)What does the Tana say about Tamei species of fish and locusts? When do they require Machshavah to become subject to Tum'as Ochlin?

(b)What about Hechsher?

(c)Why is that?

21)

(a)The Tana rules that Tamei species of fish and locusts require Machshavah - in the villages (but not in the towns [see Tiferes Yisrael]), in order to become subject to Tum'as Ochlin.

(b)They require Hechsher everywhere however,...

(c)... because they are not subject to Tum'as Neveilos.

Mishnah 10
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22)

(a)What is the status of a beehive that is ...

1. ... attached to the ground with cement?

2. ... held aloft by means of pegs?

(b)Which kind of beehive are R. Eliezer and the Chachamim then arguing over?

22)

(a)A beehive that is ...

1. ... attached to the ground with cement has the Din of - Karka (land).

2. ... held aloft by means of pegs has the Din of - Metaltelin (movables).

(b)R. Eliezer and the Chachamim are arguing over - a beehive that is placed on the ground, without being attached to it.

23)

(a)Which area of Halachah is R. Eliezer referring to when he ascribes to it the Din of Karka?

(b)He also lists three other areas of Halachah that are affected by his ruling, the first of which is that one may write a P'ruzbul on it. What is a P'ruzbul?

(c)What are the ramifications of R. Eliezer's ruling in this regard?

(d)The second Halachah concerns Tum'ah. What is it?

23)

(a)R. Eliezer ascribes to it the Din of Karka - inasmuch as one can acquire it by means of Kesef, Sh'tar and Chazakah (money, documentation and taking ownership).

(b)He also lists three other areas of Halachah that are affected by his ruling, the first of which is that one may write a P'ruzbul - a Sh'tar that Beis-Din write on behalf of the creditor, who has handed them all debts that are coming to him, which declares that Sh'mitah will not negate the negate his debts).

(c)The ramifications of R. Eliezer's ruling in this regard are that - if the debtor owns beehives, Beis-Din can write a P'ruzbul for the creditor (which they will not do if he would own only Metaltelin).

(d)The second Halachah is that - it is not subject to Tum'ah in its place (see Tos. Yom-Tov and Tiferes Yisrael).

24)

(a)The third Halachah affected by R. Eliezer's opinion concerns the honey in the beehive. What is it?

(b)How does he learn it from the Pasuk in Shmuel (in connection with Yonasan, the son of Shaul) "Vayitbol osah be'Ya'aras ha'Devash"?

(c)What do the Chachamim say?

(d)How does that affect all four Halachos that we just discussed (Kinyan, P'ruzbul, Tum'ah & honey).

24)

(a)The third Halachah affected by R. Eliezer's opinion is that - whoever extracts honey from the beehive on Shabbos is Chayav (as if he had detached it from the ground).

(b)And he learns it from the Pasuk in Shmuel (in connection with Yonasan, the son of Shaul) "Vayitbol osah be'Ya'aras ha'Devash" - from the Pasuk's usage of the term "Ya'ar" (forest), which is otherwise superfluous, and which comes to compare extracting honey from a beehive to detaching fruit from a tree as regards Shabbos.

(c)The Chachamim maintain that - a beehive has the Din of Metaltelin, inasmuch as ...

(d)... it cannot be acquired by means of Kesef, Sh'tar and Chazakah, one does not write a P'ruzbul on it, it is subject to Tum'ah and one is not Chayav for extracting honey from it on Shabbos.

Mishnah 11
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25)

(a)Assuming that the honey in the honeycombs is considered a food (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'mi'she'Yecharcher'), Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel argue over which point converts it into a liquid. What are the ramifications of their Machlokes?

(b)Beis Shamai say 'mi'she'Yecharcher' (See following question). What do Beis Hillel say?

25)

(a)Assuming that the honey in the honeycombs is considered a food, Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel argue over which point converts it into a liquid, with regard to - being subject to becoming a Rishon (even via a Toldah [see also Tiferes Yisrael).

(b)Beis Shamai say 'mi'she'Yecharcher' (See following question), Beis Hillel - 'mi'she'Yerasek' (from the time that he crushes it).

26)

(a)'mi'she'Yecharcher' might mean from the time the beekeeper smokes the hive. Why does he do that?

(b)What does mi'she'Yecharcher then literally mean?

(c)What else might the word mean in this context?

(d)A third meaning of the word is based on the text 'mi'she'Yeharher' (in place of 'mi'she'Yecharcher') What does this mean?

26)

(a)mi'she'Yecharcher might mean from the time the beekeeper smokes the hive - to force the bees to leave the hive ...

(b)... literally - to wage war with the bees.

(c)The word might also mean - to heat up.

(d)A third meaning of the word in the Mishnah is based on the text 'mi'she'Yeharher' (in place of 'mi'she'Yecharcher') - from the moment he decides to remove the honey.

Mishnah 12
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27)

(a)What does R. Yehoshua ben Levi (see Tos. Yom-Tov) say Hash-m is going to inherit to each and every Tzadik (see Tos. Yom-Tov)?

(b)What is the significance of the number three hundred and ten (which also forms the word 'Yesh')? What is R. Yehoshua ben Levi coming to teach us?

(c)Why does the Mishnah mention it specifically here?

(d)With which statement of R. Shimon ben Chalafta does Rebbi close Seider Taharos?

(e)On which Pasuk is it based?

27)

(a)R. Yehoshua ben Levi (see Tos. Yom-Tov) says that Hash-m is going to inherit to each and every Tzadik - three hundred and ten worlds (which also forms the word 'Yesh' [see Tos. Yom-Tov]) ...

(b)... meaning that - every Tzadik will enjoy in the World to Come pleasures that are equivalent to three hundred and ten times all the pleasures of this world (see also Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'Shalosh Me'os ... ' & 've'Otzroseihem Amalei').

(c)The Mishnah mentions it here, to teach us that - this is the reward for learning and observing all that is written in the Mishnah.

(d)Rebbi closes Seider Taharos with the statement of R. Shimon ben Chalafta - 'Hakadosh-Baruch-Hu did not find a vessel to hold B'rachah that can compare with Shalom, as the Pasuk in Tehilim states ...

(e)"Hash-m Oz le'Amo Yiten, Hash-m Yevarech es Amo ba'Shalom" '! (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

Nishlemah Maseches Uktzin ve'Kulhu Maschaysi de'Taharos