1)

(a)Both a T'vul-Yom and Tamei hands - have the status of a Sheini le'Tum'ah.

(b)Ma'aser Rishon - is Chulin.

(c)Consequently, the Mishnah rules that if one has Ma'aser Rishon which is Muchshar Lekabeil Tum'ah, and which has been touched by a T'vul-Yom or by Tamei hands - one nevertheless separates Terumah from it be'Taharah.

(d)We are not concerned with the fact that the Ma'aser is Tevel as regards T'rumas Ma'aser - because Tevel with regard to Sheini and Shelishi is considered Chulin (and a Sheini does not make a Shelishi in Chulin).

2)

(a)A woman who is a T'vulas-Yom - is permitted to knead dough.

(b)When she has finished kneading it - the Mishnah requires her to separate Chalah (without declaring it Chalah [Tiferes Yisrael]) and to place it in an Egyptian K'fishah (see Tos. Yom-Tov) or on a Nechusa (a sort of plank) ...

(c)... neither of which is subject to Tum'ah.

3)

(a)Makefes means - that she draws the K'li containing the Chalah close ...

(b)... because, when declaring Chalah, the dough must be min ha'Mukaf (next to the Chalah [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(c)We are not concerned with the fact that the dough is Tevel as regards Chalah - for the same reason that we just gave with regard to a Ma'aser dough.

4)

(a)the Mishnah permits a T'vul-Yom to knead dough in a kneading-trough, and to take Chalah from the dough (without calling it Chalah by name) ...

(b)... following which he brings the kneading-trough close and declares the piece of dough that he separated Chalah.

(c)The Tana repeats the same Halachah here - to teach us that the lenient ruling also applies to a T'vul-Yom dish ...

(d)We might otherwise have thought that - we are stringent here, in case one uses a Tamei dish.

5)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a Lagin which is a T'vul-Yom, and which one fills from a barrel containing Ma'aser Tevel.

1. ... a Lagin is - a type of wooden jar.

2. ... Ma'aser Tevel is - Ma'aser Rishon from which T'rumas Ma'aser has not been taken.

(b)If the owner then declares it ...

1. ... T'rumas Ma'aser before nightfall - it is Pasul (since he is still.

2. ... an Eruv after nightfall - it is not effective.

(c)The reason for ...

1. ... the former ruling is - because he is still a T'vul-Yom, who renders Terumah Pasul.

2. ... the latter ruling is - because an Eruv only acquires if it ready to be used at a Se'udah that is eaten before Shabbos or Yom-Tov come in (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

6)

(a)If, in the former case, before it gets dark ...

1. ... the barrel breaks - then what is in the jar remains Tevel.

2. ... the Lagin breaks - then what is in the barrel remains Tevel ...

(b)... because at the time when the Ma'aser was supposed to take effect, it was no longer there.

7)

(a)The Tana writes that initially, the Chachamim permitted a Chaver to transfer his Ma'aser Sheini on to the fruit of an Am-ha'Aretz (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'ba'Rishonah' & 'Mechalelin'). We might have thought that this is forbidden - in case the fruit of the Am-ha'Aretz is Ma'aser.

(b)They made an additional concession in this regard - by extending the current one to the Am-ha'Aretz's Ma'aser Sheini money (see Tiferes Yisrael).

8)

(a)Similarly, they initially permitted following the instructions of a Yotzei be'Kolar - someone who has been sentenced to death and who is being taken out in chains to be killed) when he announces 'Write a Get for my wife' ...

(b)... despite the fact that he failed to add 'and give it to her'.

(c)The Mishnah nevertheless permits it - based on the assumption that he forgot to say it due to the fear of death that gripped him.

9)

(a)The Tana Kama adds two cases to this ruling ...

1. ... 'ha'Mefaresh' - someone who is about to make a journey overseas, and ...

2. ... 'ha'Yotzei be'Shayara' - someone who is setting out on a long caravan journey).

(b)Rebbi Shimon Shezuri adds - a sick person who feels that he is about to die, to the list.

(c)The Halachah is - like Rebbi Shimon Shezuri.

10)

(a)Kadumin ha'Ashkelonim are long pieces of wood with hooks sticking out on either side. The Rambam defines Kadumin as - a (large) metal ring with hooks attached to it, for fishing out vessels that have fallen into a pit.

(b)They are described as Ashkelonim - because they were manufactured in Ashkelon.

11)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a Ma'aver (which has teeth shaped like human fingers) a Mizreh (which has more teeth than a Ma'aver) and a Magov. They are all used - in connection with the harvest.

(b)The function of a ...

1. ... Ma'aver is - to transport corn from one location to another (as the name suggests).

2. ... Mizreh is - to winnow the corn (also inherent in its name).

(c)A Magov, which has even more teeth than a Mizreh - is used for sifting the corn after winnowing.

12)

(a)The Tana now rules that, in a case where one of the teeth breaks and is replaced with a metal one - the vessels remain Tamei, and the same will apply to ...

(b)... a comb, under the same circumstances.

(c)R. Yehoshua comments that with regard to all the Mishnahs from 'ha'Ishah she'Hi T'vulas-Yom ... ' (Mishnah 2 [see also Tos. Yom-Tov]) - the Chachamim said a Chidush, and that he has nothing to comment.

(d)This explains why all the current Mishnahs appears in this Perek, even though they have nothing in common.

13)

(a)When a person gives Terumah on wine or oil in the pit, stipulating that it should go be'Shalom (see Tos. Yom-Tov), he means that - the barrel should not break and the wine inside it should not spill back into the pit.

(b)The Tana explains that he does not have in mind that - the wine should not become Tamei.

(c)Consequently, in the event that it does - the wine in the barrel is both Terumah and Tamei.

(d)According to R. Shimon - the owner has Tum'ah in mind as well.

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

14)

(a)The Mishnah rules that if, in the first case, it - (the barrel) breaks, it - (the wine in it) is not Medama'as ...

(b)... meaning that - the wine in the barrel remains Chulin and may be poured back into the pit.

(c)For the wine not to be Meda'me'a when the barrel breaks - the barrel must be close enough to the pit for it to have rolled back to the pit had he put it down. Otherwise, it would not be considered 'be'Shalom' and the wine in the broken barrel would be Terumah.

15)

(a)R. Yossi rules that if someone intended to make the above stipulation, but forgot to do so - it is considered as if he had ...

(b)... because it is a condition of Beis-Din that one does so.

(c)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama (see Tos. Yom-Tov & Tiferes Yisrael).