1)

(a)Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel argue over a number of doughs that one placed, one on top of the other that have stuck together - to the extent that if one were to try and pick up one of them, part of the next one would come up with it.

(b)The status of ...

1. ... a T'vul-Yom is that of a Sheini.

2. ... the doughs - is that of Chalah, which, like Terumah, is subject to Sh'lishi le'Tum'ah (Pasul).

(c)According to Beis Shamai, if a T'vul-Yom touches the top dough, they all become Pasul. Beis Hillel maintain - that they are not considered joined ...

(d)... because the Mishnah is speaking in a case where the owner intends to separate them.

2)

(a)The Mishnah now list a number of other cases where Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel engage in the same Machlokes (see Tiferes Yisrael, 13). The first two are Mikratzos - (little pieces of dough that have separated from the large dough) or loaves that became stuck together in the same way.

(b)The next item on the list is a number of pancakes that are baking in the oven. Beis Hillel concede that they become one entity - the moment a crust forms on the outside.

(c)They also argue over a round, hollow ball of dough that has been boiled in water (see Tos. Yom-Tov) and Terumah-beans that have been boiled in water for the first time and freshly-boiled wine. The basis of their Machlokes concerns - the water inside the ball of dough and that is attached to the beans and the wine.

(d)The beans must have been boiled for the first time - because after the second time, they disintegrate and mix with the water to become a bean-stew.

3)

(a)R. Yehudah (see Tos. Yom-Tov) adds boiled rice - where a T'vul-Yom touched the water in which it was boiled.

(b)The Mishnah concludes by confining the Machlokes between Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel to T'vul-Yom. Regarding other Tum'os that are ...

1. ... an Av ha'Tum'ah ...

2. ... a Rishon or a Sheini le'Tum'ah (see also Tos. Yom-Tov) - Beis Hillel will concede that all the above are considered joined.

(c)This distinction - is based on the lenient character of a T'vul-Yom, who has already Toveled and is only waiting for nightfall to become completely Tahor.

(d)The Mishnah did not list the first Machlokes (concerning Challos) together with the second group - because Beis Hillel do not differentiate by Challos, between a T'vul-Yom and other Tum'os (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'ha'Mechanes Challos').

4)

(a)The Mishnah considers joined ...

1. ... a number of doughs that one placed, one on top of the other that have stuck together - if the owner did not have in mind to separate them.

2. ... a number of pancakes that are baking in the oven - once they have formed a crust.

3. ... a ball of dough that has been boiled in water (with the water that is with it) - if it is not hollow (and there is only water on the outside).

4. ... Terumah-beans that have been boiled in water - a second time (as we explained earlier).

(b)The Tana lists wine (and the water that is joined to it) - provided it is old, but oil even if it is fresh.

(c)The Tana Kama adds to the list lentils, and R. Yehudah, Tofach - another kind of legume.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

5)

(a)In spite of the fact that a T'vul-Yom (who is a Sheini) can only make a Shelishi, the Tana says (with regard to the above list) 'Temei'im bi'Tevul-Yom' - because he concludes 've'Ein Tzarich Lomar be'Chol ha'Tum'os'. ...

(b)... which is the point in which the current list differs from the earlier one (which distinguishes between a T'vul-Yom (which are Tahor) and other Tum'os (which are Tamei).

6)

(a)The Mishnah now lists 'a nail that sticks out of the bread - (a nail-shaped piece of dough, which sometimes serves as a mark of identification), a small grain of salt (see Tos. Yom-Tov) and an outer layer of bread that has burned'.

(b)The Tana - declares them joined, even as regards a T'vul-Yom ... (as we learned in the previous Mishnah).

(c)The Tana Kama gives the maximum Shi'ur of the burned outer layer of bread as less than a finger-breadth (see Tos. Yom-Tov). According to R. Yossi - it is the maximum amount that one would eat with the bread.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

7)

(a)Now the Mishnah lists a stone, a large globule of salt, a Turmus bean and a burned layer of bread that is more than a finger-breadth (see Tos. Yom-Tov and commentaries), that are stuck to a loaf of bread - which all serve to identify the bread.

(b)R. Yossi maintains that in the third case - the Shi'ur is if people will not eat it because of its thickness.

(c)The Tana declares them all Tahor - even as regards an Av ha'Tum'ah, because they are not considered joined at all (see Meleches Shlomoh).

(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

8)

(a)Rebbi Meir begins his list of items that are not subject to Tum'ah even through an Av ha'Tum'ah with barley and spelt that have not been peeled. They are not subject to Tum'ah - because they are not generally eaten in that state.

(b)Chiltis is a sharp-tasting seed which is also not eaten, yet the Tana see fit to mention it - because a little of it is sometimes placed in food.

(c)Ti'ah is the root of Chiltis. Alum is - the root of a certain species of Chiltis.

9)

(a)R. Yehudah adds to the list - black beans, which are used as a cure but not as food (see also Tos-Yom-Tov).

(b)As mentioned above, this is the opinion of R. Meir, who states that - it goes without saying that they are not subject to Tum'ah via a T'vul-Yom.

(c)The Chachamim concede to R. Meir that the above are not subject to Tum'ah through a T'vul-Yom, but do not extend his lenient ruling regarding other Avos Tum'os.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Chachamim.

10)

(a)The Mishnah (R. Meir) rules that ...

1. ... peeled barley and spelt - are even subject to Tum'ah via a T'vul-Yom, and certainly via other Tum'os, and so are ...

2. ... wheat ...

3. ... poppy-seeds, Shumshum and peppers.

(b)Shumshum is - the Arabic for sesame seeds (which are used to make oil).

(c)R. Yehudah - adds white beans to the list.