1)

(a)The Tana now discusses a Tahor woman who is pickling Terumah vegetables in a dish, and who touches a leaf - that measures a k'Beitzah, and that is protruding from the pot.

(b)It now becomes Tamei - because S'tam hands render Terumah Pasul.

(c)All the leaves that are in the dish will remain Tahor - provided she touched a part of the leaf that has already dried (see Tos. Yom-Tov) ...

(d)... because S'tam hands, which are only a Sheini, only render Terumah a Shelishi, and a Shelishi is Pasul, but cannot make anything else Tamei.

(e)All the leaves are not Tamei anyway, despite the fact that the woman touched them whilst cutting them up - because before she places them into a dish and adds wine, vinegar or oil, they are not Muchshar le'Kabeil Tum'ah.

2)

(a)All the other leaves will ...

1. ... become Tamei however, even though she only touched the one leaf - if the part of the leaf that she touched was still wet.

2. ... remain Tahor even if it is wet - if the leaf that she touched measures less than a k'Beitzah.

(b)To render all the leaves Tamei, even though the wet leaf that she touched measures less than a k'Beitzah - the woman would need to return the leaf back in to the dish, because then the liquid on the leaf which she touched and which is a Rishon, will render all the leaves a Sheini ...

(c)... and the dish too (see Tos. Yom-Tov DH 'ha'Kol Tamei').

(d)The Din will differ if she had previously had contact with a T'mei Meis - in the case where the leaf measures a k'Beitzah, in which case everything becomes Tamei (because then she is a Rishon, and the leaf a Sheini, which makes the mixture a Shelishi) see Tos. Yom-Tov.

3)

(a)The Mishnah now refers to a case where a T'vulas-Yom is stirring the vegetables in the dish and she discovers some liquid on her hand - and she does not know whether the liquid splashed from the dish on to her hands (in which case everything will remain Tahor) or whether she touched the liquid on one of the stalks in the dish, and it is all Tamei.

(b)The difference between Safek T'vul-Yom and Safek S'tam Yadayim is - that the former renders Terumah Pasul, whereas the latter, is Tahor.

(c)The Tana therefore rules - that ...

1. ... the vegetables are Pasul (because of Safek T'vul-Yom)

2. ... the dish remains Tahor ...

(d)... because on the one hand S'tam Yadayim are Tahor, and on the other, a T'vul-Yom does not render liquids Tamei.

(e)The latter is the sole exception to the principle (based on 'the eighteen things') - that 'Whatever renders Terumah Pasul, renders liquids a Rishon'.

4)

(a)R. Eliezer rules that a person who eats a food that is a Rishon (see Tos. Yom-Tov), a Sheini or a Shelishi becomes - a Rishon, a Sheini or a Shelishi, respectively (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)For this ruling to take effect, he must eat - not less than half a P'ras, which is the amount that renders a person's body Pasul.

(c)According to the Rambam, half a P'ras is equivalent to one and a half egg-volumes; according to Rashi, it is - two k'Beitzim.

(d)The source of this ruling is - 'the eighteen things' discussed in Shabbos.

5)

(a)According to R. Yehoshua, someone who eats a Rishon or a Sheini becomes - a Sheini, whereas if he eats ...

(b)... a Shelishi, he becomes ...

1. ... a Sheini for Kodesh, but ...

2. ... not for Terumah (though he is not permitted to eat it).

(c)The Tana is talking about - Chulin that was prepared al Taharas Terumah (otherwise it could not possibly become a Shelishi).

6)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses the difference between a Rishon, a Sheini and a Shelishi loaf of Chulin (she'Na'aseh al al Taharas Terumah). A Rishon that touches a Terumah loaf - renders it Tamei, and it in turn, can render another loaf Pasul; whereas if a Sheini touches it - it becomes Pasul, but cannot render Tamei another loaf that touches it.

(b)A Shelishi loaf, says the Tana, may be eaten together with 'N'zid ha'Dema' - (a dish containing Terumah).

(c)The Gemara in Chulin qualifies this Heter - by restricting it to a dish which does not contain a k'Zayis bi'Chedei Achilas P'ras of Terumah (a k'Zayis per each P'ras [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

(d)The basis for this ruling is - the principle that 'Whoever eats a Shelishi of Chulin that has been prepared al Taharas Terumah becomes Pasul to eat Terumah'.

7)

(a)Now the Tana discusses the difference between a Rishon, a Sheini, a Shelishi and a Revi'i loaf of Terumah. It is possible for there to be a Revi'i loaf of Terumah - if it was prepared al Taharas ha'Kodesh.

(b)There is no difference between a Rishon and a Sheini of Terumah (see Tos. Yom-Tov), and a Rishon and a Sheini of Chulin. The Mishnah rules however, that ...

1. ... a Shelishi - renders Kodesh Pasul.

2. ... a Revi'i - may be eaten (see Tos. Yom-Tov) together with a N'zid of Kodesh (see Tiferes Yisrael).

(c)A Chamishi too, may be eaten with a N'zid of Kodesh (as we shall see shortly) - provoded it was prepared 'al Taharas Parah'.

8)

(a)A Rishon and Sheini she'ba'Kodesh are Metamei (see Tiferes Yisrael). The Mishnah rules that ...

1. ... a Shelishi she'ba'Kodesh - are Tamei and Metamei too (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... a Revi'i - renders Pasul (see Tiferes Yisrael & Tos. Yom-Tov).

3. ... a Chamishi - may be eaten with a N'zid of Kodesh (see 6c).

9)

(a)The Tana rules that a Sheini she'be'Chulin that touches ...

1. ... a Chulin liquid - renders it Tamei.

2. ... Terumah food - renders it Pasul (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

10)

(a)He also rules that a Shelishi she'bi'Terumah that touches a Kodesh liquid -

(b)It only render Kodesh food only Pasul - if it was prepared al Taharas Kodesh ...

(c)... but if it was prepared only al Taharas Terumah - it renders it a Rishon (to be Metamei two [a Sheini and a Shelishi], and render one Pasul [a Revi'i]) ...

(d)... because the Taharah of Terumah is considered Tum'ah as far as Kodesh is concerned.

11)

(a)R. Eliezer (Elazar - see Mishnah Achronah) makes a statement - that A Rishon she'ba'Kodesh, a Rishon she'bi'Terumah and Rishon she'be'Chulin are all equal.

(b)If they touch ...

1. ... Kodesh - they are Metamei two (they make a Sheini which in turn, makes a Shelishi) and Posel one (the Shelishi makes a Revi'i).

2. ... Terumah - they are Metamei one and Posel one (a Shelishi).

3. ... Chulin - they make it Pasul (a Sheini).

12)

(a)R. Eliezer's statement incorporates a Sheini and a Shelishi. Chulin can become a Shelishi - if it is prepared al Taharas Terumah (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)If a Sheini of Kodesh, Terumah or Chulin touches ...

1. ... Kodesh - it is Metamei one and makes Pasul one (i.e. it renders it a Shelishi).

13)

(a)R. Eliezer disagrees with the principle (that we learned in the previous Mishnah) - 'Taharasah shel Terumah Chulin Hi Eitzel Kodesh'.

(b)The earlier Tana (R. Yehoshua) will therefore disagree with R. Eliezer's ruling - rendering Kodesh touched by a Sheini of Terumah a Shelishi. According to him it will become a Sheini (see also Tiferes Yisrael 56).

(c)The Halachah - is like the Tana Kama.

14)

(a)The Mishnah prohibits someone who eats a Sheini from working in the oil-press - because someone who eats a Sheini becomes a Sheini (even according to R. Yehoshua, who renders him a Sheini if he ate a Rishon).

(b)The Tana rules that Chulin that have been prepared al Taharas ha'Kodesh - remain Chulin.

(c)R. Elazar b'Rebbi Tzadok maintains - that it has the Din of Terumah (i.e. it becomes a Shelishi)

(d)Both Tana'im ...

1. ... hold of the principle - 'Chulin she'Na'asu al Taharas ha'Kodesh La'av ke'Kodesh Damu' (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... disagree with the previous Mishnah - which maintains 'Chulin she'Na'asu al Taharas ha'Kodesh ke'Kodesh Damu'.