1)

(a)In the case of a Tanur that one divided in two using boards or curtains, in the event that a Sheretz is found in one of the compartments, the Mishnah rules that - the other compartment is Tamei as well.

(b)The Tana also discusses a Kaveres (a beehive) - that is hanging in the oven from the top (see Tos. Yom-Tov, and) that is broken and the breach is stopped up with straw.

(c)According to the Tana Kama, if a Sheretz is found inside the ...

1. ... the Kaveres - the Tanur is Tamei.

2. ... the Tanur - the food in the Kaveres is Tamei ...

(d)... because seeing as the Kaveres is broken, it is no longer a K'li, and does therefore not save what is inside it from Tum'ah.

(e)If the Kaveres is not broken, irrespective of whether it is ...

1. ... made of earthenware or of ...

2. ... another substance - the food inside it will remain Tahor (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

2)

(a)R. Eliezer - declares even the food in the broken Kaveres Tahor.

(b)And he learns this ruling from the Din of Ohel ha'Mes (which is more stringent than the Tum'as Ohel of a K'li Cheres, in that it renders even Adam and Kelim Tamei, too) - yet the same broken (but stopped up) Kaveres prevents the food inside it from becoming Tamei.

(c)The Chachamim refute his 'Kal-va'Chomer' however, based on the fact that - whereas one tends to divide an Ohel ha'Meis into two compartments, one does not do so by an Ohel K'lei Cheres (see Tos. Yom Tov).

(d)Alternatively, we might explain the distinction to be that - whereas the former can be divided with a Mechitzah (to prevent whatever is in the other compartment from becoming Tamei), that of Ohel K'li Cheres - cannot (as we just learned).

(e)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

3)

(a)In the previous case, if ...

1. ... the Kaveres is whole - then even if the one becomes Tamei, the other remains Tahor (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

2. ... instead of a Kaveres hanging inside the Tanur, it is a basket or a leather flask - the Din is no different than if it had been a Kaveres made of earthenware.

(b)The Tanur or the food inside any of the above three will be subject to Tum'ah if the latter becomes holed - if the hole is the size of a k'Zayis (if it is used for food), or sufficient to allow liquid to seep in (if it is designated for drinking).

(c)Whereas if the flask is designated for both food and drink - then we go l'Chumra, and adopt the smaller Shi'ur.

4)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a Seridah which is placed on top of a Tanur and in which they find a Sheretz. Whereas some translate Seridah as a small flat board used for kneading. Based on Unklus' translation of "Ma'aseh Reshes" [see Rishon l'Tziyon], the Rambam translates it as - an earthenware board with holes, which resembles netting.

(b)When the Tana says that ...

1. ... they find the Sheretz in it, he means that, although the surface is not a receptacle, it is indented ('ve'Shoka'as l'Tocho'), and they find the Sheretz in the indentation.

2. ... it has no Gapayim, he means that it is has rim surrounding it

(c)The Mishnah rules that ...

1. ... the Tanur - is Tamei.

2. ... the food 'in' the Seridah - is Tamei, in the event that a Sheretz is found in the oven.

(d)The reason for this is because it is not a K'li - since it is a flat wooden implement without handles.

5)

(a)The Tana declares Tahor a barrel full of Tahor liquid (see Tos. Yom-Tov) that is placed in a pit if a Sheretz is found in the oven - provided all the liquid in the barrel is placed below the level of the base of the oven (even though part of the barrel is above it).

(b)The Tana also rules that if an upside-down barrel is resting inside the top of a Tanur, and the bottom of the barrel is still extremely wet (see Tos. Yom-Tov) from the wine that it previously contained - the drops of wine are Tahor ...

(c)... because the drops of wine are above the level of the Tanur.

6)

(a)The Tana declares Tahor an earthenware pot that is placed inside an oven in which there is a Sheretz - because an earthenware vessel cannot be Metamei Kelim (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)It will be Tamei however - if the Sheretz 'saw' the air of the pot as it fell into the oven ...

(c)... as it will be if there is liquid on it (see Tiferes Yisrael).

(d)The aggravated pot might say to the liquid 'What made you Tamei (the air of the oven) did not make me Tamei; yet you did make me Tamei'.

7)

(a)The Mishnah rules that if a rooster swallows a Sheretz and falls into a Tanur ...

1. ... as long as the rooster is still alive - the oven is Tahor (because Tum'ah Belu'ah [Tum'ah that has been swallowed by a live animal] is not Metamei).

2. ... once it dies - then it becomes Tamei.

(b)When a Sheretz has been found inside a Tanur - the Tanur becomes a Rishon, rendering a loaf that is inside it, a Sheini ...

(c)... because we do not consider the Tanur to be full of Tum'ah (to reckon whatever is inside it a Rishon as if the Sheretz had touched it).

8)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a Beis Se'or (made of earthenware) with a sealed lid, which contains yeast and a Sheretz on either side of a Keretz, and which is placed inside a Tanur. A ...

1. ... Beis Se'or is - a receptacle in which one places yeast.

2. ... 'Keretz' is - a partition in the middle that reaches the top, creating two compartments.

(b)The Tana rules that the Tanur is Tamei, but the yeast is Tahor. The ...

1. ... yeast is Tahor - because the sealed Beis Se'or prevents Tum'ah from entering.

2. ... Tanur is Tamei - because a sealed earthenware vessel does not prevent Tum'ah inside it from escaping.

(c)If the Beis Se'or is made of a material other than earthenware - the yeast will become Tamei, too (as only earthenware protects what is inside it when it is sealed).

(d)And if one replaces the Sheretz with a piece of Meis - the room housing the Tanur will also be Tamei.

(e)The yeast will be Tamei, too - if there is an opening in the Keretz of a Tefach by a Tefach (which allows the Tum'as Meis [see Tos. Yom-Tov] to pass to the other side [see Tos. Yom-Tov]).

9)

(a)The Tana discusses the Din of a Sheretz that is found in the Ayin shel Tanur (see Tos. Yom-Tov), shel Kirah or shel Kupach. The 'Ayin shel Tanur' - is a hole in the side of the oven which allows the smoke to escape (and which is stopped up when baking is in progress).

(b)He rules that, as long as the Sheretz is lying from the inner wall and outwards - the Tanur, the Kirah and the Kupach remain Tahor.

(c)In fact, he continues ...

1. ... it will remain Tahor even if the Sheretz is replaced with a piece of Meis - provided the Tanur is outside and not under a roof (see Tos. Yom-Tov). He concludes however, that ...

2. ... all of the above will be Tamei - if the area of the Ayin is a Tefach by a Tefach (as we learned in the previous Mishnah).

10)

(a)According to R. Yehudah, if the Sheretz is found from the outer tip and inwards of the area at the base of the oven, where they throw in the wood and the fuel, the oven is Tamei. The Chachamim rle that - if it is found from the inner tip and outwards, the oven is Tahor.

(b)According to R. Yossi - it depends on whether the Sheretz is found in line (vertically) with the area where the pot stands on top or outside of it.

(c)He is more lenient even than the Chachamim - because the bottom section containing the wood and the fire protrudes outwards from the oven itself, in which case the area where the pot stands is further in than the bottom section.

(d)The Halachah is like - the Chachamim.

11)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses the seating area of the man in charge of heating up water for bathing, dyes or olives for olive-producing, inside (or on top of) a gigantic oven. The man sita - inside a cavity carved into the base of the oven.

(b)The Mishnah rules that in a case where a Sheretz is found in the seating area - the oven is Tahor.

(c)It will be Tamei - only if the Sheretz is found in line with the pot of water (of olives or of dyes [like the opinion of R. Yossi See Tiferes Yisrael]).

(d)The Tosefta qualifies the Mishnah's ruling however - by confining it to where the Sheretz is dangling in the air, but not actually touching the sides or the floor of the Tanur (in which case it will be Tamei in any case [see Hagahos ha'Gra]).

12)

(a)A pit with a Beis Shefisah - a layer of cement that is thick enough to stand on its own (like Tanur shel ben Dina'i that we discussed in the fifth Perek [see also Tos. Yom-Tov]), is subject to Tum'ah (see also Tiferes Yisrael).

(b)Others have the text 'Kur' (instead of 'Bor'), with reference to a gold, silver or metal furnace. We might also define 'Kur' as - a blacksmith's furnace.

(c)A pit (or furnace) in which the sand for glass-making is placed, is subject to Tum'ah - provided it has a Beis ha'Shefisah (see Tos. Yom-Tov and commentaries of the Mishnah).

(d)The Tana rules that a furnace for lime-making, glass-blowing or pottery - is Tahor (see Tiferes Yisrael).

13)

(a)A Purnah (a large Tanur with the entrance at the side) is Tahor - because it is used together with the ground (see Tos. Yom-Tov) and is never moved.

(b)According to the Tana Kama, it is subject to Tum'ah - provided its top has a thick ledge (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)R. Yehudah requires Istegiyos (holes like one finds in Tanurim [see Tiferes Yisrael]). R. Gamliel requires Sefayos - a thin ledge on top.

(d)The Halachah is - like the Tana Kama.

(e)According to some commentaries, the Tana'im do not really argue - each one is referring to a thick ledge on top, which he called by the name by which it was known in his town.

14)

(a)The Mishnah now discusses a Maga Tamei Mes who has food and drink in his mouth and who sticks his head into the air of a Tanur. A Maga Tamei Meis is - a Rishon le'Tum'ah (since a Tamei Meis is an Av).

(b)The ...

1. ... Tana declares the Tanur Tamei - because of the liquid in his mouth ...

2. ... which renders it Tamei - because the Rabbanan decreed that all seven liquids are subject to Tum'ah, to become a Rishon l'Tum'ah and to render a Sheini whatever they touch.

(c)The food is of no significance whatsoever - and the Tana only mentions it because it goes together with the drink (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(d)The oven can now 'say' to the liquid - 'What made you Tamei could not make me Tamei, yet you can' (as we learned earlier)!

15)

(a)The current ruling will apply even if the Tamei person keeps his mouth shut; either because the closed lid of a K'li Cheres inside an earthenware oven does not prevent Tum'ah inside it from being Metamei the oven., or - because even the Din of Tzamid Pasil (a closed lid that protects what is inside it from Tum'ah) does not apply to a person (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(b)The Tana also rules in the reverse case, where a Tahor person who has food and drink in his mouth sticks his head into the air of a Tamei Tanur that - the food and drink become Tamei (see previous Tos. Yom-Tov).

16)

(a)R. Meir and R. Yehudah argue over a Tahor person who is eating a cake of figs of Terumah (see Tos. Yom-Tov) and who places his hand in his mouth to remove a stone. The problem will arise - in a case where he did not wash his hands (and the Rabbanan decreed S'tam Yadayim to be Sheniyos).

(b)R. Meir declares him Tamei, because his hand rendered the spit in his mouth Tamei, which, in turn - renders the figs Sheniyim l'Tum'ah (since liquid always becomes a Rishon, as we explained).

(c)R. Yehudah disagrees with him - because in his opinion, spit is only considered a liquid once it has left the person's mouth.

17)

(a)R. Yossi maintains that - the criterion that determines spit to be a liquid is turning it inside one's mouth.

(b)The Halachah is - like R. Yossi (see Tos. Yom-Tov).

(c)R. Yossi also discusses a Pundiyon - a small coin, that the same person has in his mouth at the time.

(d)And he declares it Tamei - provided it is in his mouth in order to drink the liquid that acculamates in his mouth because if it (see also Tos. Yom-Tov).

18)

(a)The Mishnah rules - that if the milk of a Tamei woman drips into an oven - the oven is Tamei.

(b)We do not take into account the fact that the liquid dripped against the woman's wishes - because that is a criterion that applies exclusively to liquid rendering food Muchshar Lekabel Tum'ah (but not to actually being Metamei it).

(c)In a case where the finger of a woman who is cleaning out a Tamei oven (see Tos. Yom-Tov) is pricked by a splinter, and she reacts by placing it in her mouth, the Tana rules that - a piece of a cake of cake of figs that she has in her mouth at the time becomes Tamei.