A woman miscarried. No child emerged and a fetal sac was found in the house:
- The house is Tamei because the sac itself is Tamei.
- Tana Kama (who disagrees with R. Shimon) says that the fetus dissolved and is not Tamei.
- Sometimes the sac is accompanied by a dead child and we are Machmir for minority cases.
- On most ocassions there is a child together with the sac so this creates a doubt.
- The sac is not Tamei because it is a dead child but rather because most sacs are accompanied by a dead child.
There are 9 Kosher meat stores in the city and 1 Treifa store:
- If meat is found in the street there is a Gezeras HaKosuv that one may not eat it.
- Midearabanan we give him a fine for not remembering which store he bought in.
- He is a good Jew so we are certain he bought from a Kosher store.
- We consider this as 5 Kosher stores and 5 Treifa because of the Gezeras HaKosuv of "Kavua".
- The Torah always follows the majority so all the meat is permitted.
There were 9 frogs and 1 Sheretz and he does not know which he touched:
- In a private domain in case of doubt we say it is Tamei.
- Frogs are also Tamei so he is for sure Tomei.
- In the public domain it is also Tamei because in Torah matters we are stringent.
- We say he probably touched the Sheretz because frogs jump away.
- If he found it on its own on the ground we are Machmir Miderabanan.
A young child was found next to dough with a piece of dough in his hand.
- The dough is Tamei because R. Meir follows the minority of children who touch Sheratzim.
- R. Meir:- the dough is Tahor since a minority of children do not touch Sheratzim which combines with the Chazoka that the dough is pure.
- Rabanan say that only 50% of children touch Sheratzim.
- Chazoka is better than Rov so R. Meir says the dough is Tahor.
- Rov is better than Chazoka so R. Meir says the dough is Tamei.
A woman miscarried a piece of flesh:
- If there is blood together with the flesh she is always Tamei.
- Everyone agrees that if there is no blood she is Tahor.
- R. Yehudah:- she is only Tamei if the flesh is the color of Tamei blood.
- Shmuel said she is Tamei whatever color the flesh is.
- Machlokes B&D.
Rebbi Yochanan said:
- Chachamim and R. Yehudah agree that she is only טמאה if there is blood with the flesh.
- If the flesh has the color of Tamei blood she is טמאה according to everyone.
- R. Yehudah says she is טמאה whatever color the flesh is.
- Chachamim say she is טהורה even if the flesh has the color of Tamei blood.
- Machlokes A&D.