What is the meaning of "Lasum Lechem Chom b'Yom Hilakcho"?
Rashi: They put other bread on the Shulchan when they remove this.
Rashi citing Chagigah 26b: The bread is "Chom b'Yom Hilakcho" - it is still hot 1 the day it is removed (even though it was baked eight days ago).
Radak: "Chom" is an adjective, like "Ma'oz la'Tom Derech Hashem" (Mishlei 10:29). The old bread is removed in order to put the new bread, which is put while the old is being removed.
Radak: According to R. Yehudah (Menachos 95b), it is baked on Shabbos; surely it was hot when it was placed on the Shulchan. Perhaps this is even according to R. Shimon, who says that it is baked on Erev Shabbos; they left in a closed oven until arranging it on the Shulchan the next morning. The Gemara implies that the miracle was only that it was still hot when removed from the Shulchan.
Rashi (6) writes that David ate Lechem ha'Panim that had been removed from the Shulchan. It is removed on Shabbos. If David came on Shabbos, Achimelech should have asked about this, and not why he is alone! Was there no other bread in the city?
Radak: He came on a weekday. Not all of it was eaten on Shabbos. 1 Modest Kohanim with drew from taking 2 , so some remained. Or, Achimelech received half as Kohen Gadol (Yuma 17b), and did not finish it. 3 There was no Chulin in the city, for only Kohanim were in the city. 4 We find that a Choleh the lightest Isur; Terumah is more stringent, for a Zar who eats it is Chayav Misah bi'Ydei Shamayim.
Kli Yakar: He came on Shabbos. Refer to 21:2:2:3 and the note there.
Even though now it was forbidden even to Kohanim due to Nosar, David was permitted due to Piku'ach Nefesh. However, why was the Nosar not burned promptly on Sunday morning? Perhaps he came early Sunday morning (PF).
Yuma 39a says that after Shimon ha'Tzadik (at the beginning of Bayis Sheni) died, the Brachah in Lechem ha'Panim ceased. Gluttonous Kohanim grabbed, and modest ones refrained. Beforehand, there was a Brachah; a k'Zayis was enough or too much for a Kohen. Each Kohen's share was about 12 k'Beitzim (or six, if Achimelech took half). There was no reason to grab, nor to refrain! (PF)
It is forbidden to leave it over. Why would he take half if he did not expect to finish it? Perhaps due to the Brachah, no Kohen could eat more than a k'Zayis (refer to 21:7:2:1**), and in any case most will become Nosar. Alternatively, due to Hashgachah, this Shabbos, he did not finish it. (PF)
There were also women (i.e. their wives) in the city (22:19). Women regularly become Tamei, and need to eat Chulin! Will Radak say that whenever a woman became Tamei, she left the city and returned to her father's house?! Also Kohanim cannot eat Terumah after intimacy, until the following night! (PF)
