1)

What is the meaning of "Al Yevoshu Vi Kovecha"?

1.

Rashi: Do not leave me in [my enemies'] hands, lest those who hope in You be shamed. They will say, so happened to one who hopes to Hashem!

2.

Radak: I hope in Galus, even though it lengthened. If my hope is lost, all who hope in You will lose their hope, and be ashamed of it. They will say, these hoped for Elokim in their Galus, and no one saved them. They will cease to hope to Him, and be ashamed that they hoped until now.

3.

Malbim: Even though You know Ivalti (verse 6 - my doubts in investigation), still You should save me, lest those who hope in You be shamed.

2)

Why does it say "Al Yikalmu Vi"?

1.

Radak: The matter is repeated in different words, like is common.

2.

Malbim: Bushah is shame that one feels by himself; Kelimah is shame from others. Tikvah is in the heart - if it is not fulfilled, they themselves are ashamed. Mevakshecha are those who seek You in action. People see this; if their request is not fulfilled, they will have Kelimah also from others.

3)

Why does it mention "Tzevakos"?

1.

Radak #1: He is the Master of legions above in Shamayim, from where decrees descend with His desire, and the Master of legions of Yisrael; He put them in Galus, and He will take them out. We read this like "Elokim Tzevakos"; there is a Mem at the end of Elokim, even though it is Samuch, just like "Amarim Emes" (Mishlei 22:21). Even though (here, Elokim) is written Yud Kei Vov Kei, this is a To'ar (description of Hashem), so it can be Samuch. Hashem's name itself is never Samuch, and it is never used for anything else. Sometimes it is 'borrowed' to be a To'ar; sometimes angels are called by Hashem's name 1 . Also in the 13 Midos, the first Shem Havayah is His name itself, and the second is the To'ar.

2.

Radak #2: Some say that Tzevakos is a name of Hashem by itself, and one may not erase it; Elokim is not Samuch to it.


1

He does not refer to "Mal'ach Hashem", which simply means an angel of Hashem. Also people were called "Yedid Hashem", "Eved Hashem" (Devarim 33:12, 34:5, Yehoshua 24:29), "Bechir Hashem" (Shmuel II, 21:6). Rather, even though many verses say that Hashem took Yisrael out of Egypt, it says "va'Yishlach Mal'ach va'Yotzi'enu mi'Egypt" (Bamidbar 20:16). Ibn Ezra there explains simply, unlike Chazal (who expounded that it refers to Moshe). (PF)

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