1)

Why does it say "Yeshev b'Ma'arav Chatzerim"?

1.

Malbim: The Rasha is compared to a lion, the fiercest animal. However, when we compare his deeds to his years, he is different. A young lion dwells in its den and does not leave to go out to tear prey. It tears what comes to it. When it is an Aryeh (adult), it goes out to ambush prey. A Rasha is opposite. In his youth he is like an Aryeh, and goes out to ambush his prey in fields and forests. When he matures, he will be an honored man who dwells in his house. When a lion gets old, it perishes without prey. An old Rasha still consumes his prey (victims).

2)

What are "Chatzerim"?

1.

Radak: They are open cities on the roads, like "u'Vnoseha va'Chatzereha" (Yehoshua 15:45), "Chatzerim Teshev Kedar" (Yeshayah 42:11). We find "Perazos Teshev Yerushalayim" (Zecharyah 2:8).

3)

Why does it say "b'Mistarim Yaharog Naki"?

1.

Radak: Usually, the Rasha does not do evil openly, rather, he sits in ambush and hides, lest people see him. He does not guard from Hashem, who sees all.

2.

Malbim: When the Naki (innocent) looks towards You and hopes that You will help him with Your strength, the Rasha kills him, and his trust in Hashem did not help him at all.

4)

What is the meaning of "Einav l'Chelchah Yitzponu"?

1.

Rashi: The eyes of Esav (some texts - Amalek) are to Yisrael, Hashem's legion, to ambush them 1 .

2.

Rashi citing Menachem: "L'Chelchah Yitzponu" and "Ya'azov Chelchah" (verse 14) refer to low and flattened.

3.

Radak: "L'Chelchah" is like Chelech; the suffix Hei is extra. It means, to the Oni. The Rasha's eyes look to the Oni to trap him. Yitzponu is Po'el Omed (the action applies only to the subject). His eyes are in a hidden place; from there, he looks at the paths.

4.

Malbim: Refer to 10:8:3:2.


1

Rashi: Mesores lists l'Chelchah and "Alecha Ya'azov Chelchah" (verse 14) among words in which there is Chaf Hei in place of final Chaf, like "u'Vecha uv'Amecha" (Shemos 7:29), "Tevunah Sintzerekah" (Mishlei 2:11), "k'Chol Asher Tzivisi Osachah" (Shemos 29:35), "ha'Nitzeves Imechah" (Shmuel I, 1:26). This shows that Chelchah is Your Cheil (legion).

Sefer: Perek: Pasuk:

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