REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
1. An earthenware utensil is Metamei all of the food that is inside it, even if it is filled with mustard seeds.
2. An earthenware utensil does not become Tamei when a Tamei item comes into contact with it from the outside.
3. A utensil made from a material other than earthenware is Metamei from the outside, but not through its airspace.
4. One utensil is inside another utensil which is made from earthenware. The rim of the inner utensil extends above the rim of the outer utensil. There a Sheretz in the airspace of the outer utensil and food in the airspace of the inner utensil. The food is Tahor.
5. A wooden utensil without a receptacle is not susceptible to Tum'ah, while a metal utensil is susceptible to Tum'ah even without a receptacle.
6. An unfinished wooden utensil is susceptible to Tum'ah, while an unfinished metal utensil is not susceptible to Tum'ah.
7. If a wooden utensil needs to be hollowed out, it is not yet susceptible to Tum'ah.
8. If a metal utensil lacks a cover, it is susceptible to Tum'ah.
9. A utensil made of bone shares the status of a metal utensil, according to Rav Nachman and is susceptible to Tum'ah. Rebbi Yochanan disagrees.
10. Bitter almonds are Chayav in Ma'aser when they are small, and Patur from Ma'aser when they are large, according to the Tana of the Mishnah.
11. Sweet almonds are Chayav in Ma'aser when they are large, and Patur from Ma'aser when they are small, according to the Tana of the Mishnah.
12. Rebbi Yishmael b'Rebbi Yosi maintains that even bitter almonds are Patur from Ma'aser when they are small.
13. If one pours water on grape seeds and they do not increase in volume, he does not need to separate Ma'aser from them, according to the Rabanan. Rebbi Yehudah maintains that he is Chayav in Ma'aser.
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A BIT MORE
1. An earthenware utensil is Metamei everything in its airspace, even the mustard seeds in the middle of the utensil which do not come into contact with the utensil.
2. The Torah teaches that a tightly sealed earthenware utensil that is in an Ohel ha'Mes does not contract Tum'ah from the Mes, because it does not contract Tum'ah from the outside.
3. It is Metamei items which come into contact with it from the inside or from the outside, but not items in its airspace which do not touch the utensil.
4. Even if the inner utensil is made from metal, which is susceptible to Tum'ah from the outside, it protects the food inside of it from the Tum'ah of the airspace of the outer earthenware utensil.
5. The Torah compares a wooden utensil to a sackcloth. Just as a sackcloth can be transported whether it is full or empty, a wooden utensil is not susceptible to Tum'ah unless it can be transported when it is full or empty.
6. If a utensil still needs to be polished, smoothed, or sanded, or if it is missing a base, rim, or handle, or it is made out of wood, it is susceptible to Tum'ah. If it is made out of metal, it is not susceptible to Tum'ah.
7. If one already hollowed-out three quarters of a Kav and intended to hollow-out a complete Kav, it is not yet susceptible to Tum'ah.
8. The cover is considered separate from the utensil. Therefore, the utensil is considered completed and susceptible to Tum'ah.
9. According to Rav Nachman, a utensil made of bone is like a metal utensil, because it is expensive. According to Rebbi Yochanan, what makes a metal utensil unique is that it is honorable. A bone utensil is not honorable, and therefore it is not susceptible to Tum'ah.
10. Bitter almonds are edible when they are small, before they become bitter, and therefore they are Chayav in Ma'aser. However, when they are large they are inedible, and thus they are Patur from Ma'aser.
11. Sweet almonds are Patur from Ma'aser when they are small, because they are not usually eaten before they are completely grown.
12. According to another version of Rebbi Yishmael b'Rebbi Yosi's statement, even bitter almonds are Chayav in Ma'aser when they are large, because it is possible to sweeten them in a flame.
13. According to the Rabanan, it is considered water, not wine. However, if it increases in volume, the Rabanan agree that it is Chayav in Ma'aser.
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