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SUMMARY
If someone sees a Metzi'ah and asks his friend to give it to him and his friend picks it up and says I was Zocheh in it he is Zocheh.
If after the friend gives it to him he says I was Zocheh in it first his words are meaningless.
R. Nachman and R. Chanina both say that if someone picks up a Metzi'ah for his friend he is not Koneh because it is a Chov for others, while R. Yochanan disagrees.
R. Nachman and R. Chanina hold that someone who grabs money from a debtor for the Ba'al Chov is not Koneh because it is a Chov for the other Ba'alei Chov.
If someone hires a worker to prune or hoe for him for that day if the worker finds a Metzi'ah he may keep it. (1)
If he hires the worker to do general work for him for that day if the worker finds a Metzi'ah it belongs to his employer because the hand of the worker is like the hand of the employer.
If a person is hired out to do work for his friend he may back out at any time because the Bnei Yisrael may only be servants to Hashem and not to our fellow Jew.
If someone sees a Metzi'ah and falls on it and someone else comes along and grabs it the one who grabs it is Zocheh.
Reish Lakish says that a person is Koneh an object that is within his four Amos. (2)
Is a poor person takes some of the Pe'ah and throws it on the rest of the Pe'ah he is not Koneh any of it.
If someone falls on Pe'ah or spreads his Talis on it the Pe'ah he is not Koneh even though it is within his four Amos
A person is not Koneh object within his four Amos if it is apparent that he wants to be Koneh by falling on it and not with his four Amos. (3)
R. Papa says that a person who is in the field of a Ba'al ha'Bayis is not Koneh objects within his four Amos
R. Sheshes says that a person's four Amos is only Koneh in an alleyway and in the side of the Reshus ha'Rabim and not in a Reshus ha'Rabim.
Reish Lakish says that a Ketanah is not Koneh with a Kinyan Chatzer or with her four Amos, while R. Yochanan disagrees
Reish Lakish holds that is regarded as a Shali'ach of the owner and therefore since a Ketanah may not appoint a Shali'ach she is not Koneh with her Chatzer.
R. Yochanan holds that a Chatzer a Chatzer is regarded as the Yad of the owner and therefore a Ketanah is Koneh with her Chatzer and her four Amos.
If a woman or servant steals or causes damage they must pay after the woman is divorced or the servant is freed.
Ravina says that a person who is not a Bar Chiyuva may be a Shali'ach for an Aveirah.
R. Sama says that when the Shali'ach has no choice whether or not to do the Shelichus he may be a Shali'ach for an Aveirah.
If a Kohen instructs a Yisrael to be Mekadesh a divorcee for him or a man instructs a woman to be Makif a Katan according to Ravina the Meshale'ach is Chayav while according to R. Sama he is Patur.
If a man places a Get in the hand or in the property of his wife she is divorced.
A BIT MORE
1. Since he was hired only for a specific job the Metzi'ah that he finds is not included in that job and therefore he may keep it. However, he must subtract from his wages for the time that it took him to pick up the Metzi'ah.
2. The Rabanan decreed that in order to prevent disputes a person is Koneh objects within his four Amos.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
TNEH AND ZECHEH
Someone who grabs money from a debtor for the Ba'al Chov is not Koneh because it is a Chov for the other Ba'alei Chov. Rashi says that this is only true if the Ba'al Chov did not appoint him as a Shali'ach but if he appointed him as a Shali'ach he may grab the money from the debtor. The Rashba asks that in the case of the Mishnah the person made him into a Shali'ach to pick up the Metzi'ah and even so he is not Koneh according to R. Nachman because it is a Chov for others. The Pnei Yehoshua answers that since in the case of the Mishnah he said 'Tneh' and not 'Zecheh' he is not regarded as a Shali'ach.
QUICK HALACHAH
PE'AH
If a poor person takes some Pe'ah and throws it on the rest or falls on it or spreads his Talis on it we penalize him and take it away from him and even what he took we take from him and it is given it to another Ani. If someone takes Pe'ah and he says it is for Ploni Ani, if the person who took it is poor he is Zocheh since he can be Zocheh for himself he may be Zocheh for others, but if he is rich he must give it to the first poor person that he sees. If a Ba'al ha'Bayis leaves Pe'ah for poor people who are standing in front of him and a poor person comes from behind him and takes it he is Zocheh because a person is not Zocheh in Pe'ah until it reaches his hand. (Rambam Hilchos Matnos Aniyim 2:18-20)
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