REVACH L'DAF
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SUMMARY
Rav says that a person who abandons learning Gemara and instead engages in Mikra will no longer experience Shalom. (1)
Shmuel says that a vow that is made in one's mind without verbalizing it is not regarded as a vow.
It is a Mitzvah for one to make a vow in order to help motivate himself to the performance of a Mitzvah.
One who digs a hole on Shabbos for the purpose of obtaining dirt is exempt from bringing a Korban Chatas. (2)
The Torah prohibits on Shabbos only a Meleches Machsheves (a Melachah done with intent).
The Chelev of the Korbanos should not be placed on the Mizbe'ach before morning.
If a person has money of Hekdesh and he mistakenly instructs an agent to spend it for non-Hekdesh, the sender is culpable and must bring a Korban Me'ilah. (3)
One instructs an agent to spend his money and subsequently remembers that the money belongs to Hekdesh. If the agent does not realize that the money is Hekdesh, the agent is culpable and must bring a Korban Me'ilah. (4)
A BIT MORE
1. Shmuel says that a person who abandons the Gemara and instead engages in Mishnah will no longer experience Shalom. Rebbi Yochanan says that even a person who abandons Talmud Yerushalmi and instead engages in Talmud Bavli will no longer experience Shalom.
2. In this case, he is exempt even according to Rebbi Yehudah, who normally maintains that one is liable to bring a Korban even if the Melachah was not done for its essential purpose. When one digs a hole for the dirt, it is a destructive act, and thus he is exempt from a Korban Chatas.
3. If the agent faithfully carried out his task, the sender is culpable. However, if the agent altered the task, he would be culpable and not the sender.
4. Only if the agent had not yet spent the money at the time that the sender remembered that is was Hekdesh is the agent culpable. If the agent already spent the money by the time the sender remembered, then the sender is culpable and must bring a Korban Me'ilah. If both the agent and the sender realized that the money was Hekdesh before it was spent by the agent, neither one is obligated to bring a Korban Me'ilah.
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BRIEF INSIGHT
The Gemara says that it is a Mitzvah to recite a vow to help motivate himself to the performance of a Mitzvah. According to Rashi and Tosfos, a vow that affirms a Mitzvah is not actually valid if its only purpose is to prompt the person to the performance of the Mitzvah. However, the Ran in Nedarim maintains that it is a valid vow, and if the person fails to do the Mitzvah, he is liable for Malkus for violating his vow. (Sefas Emes)
QUICK HALACHAH
One who says that he will study a certain Perek and he is afraid that he will be slothful may take a vow in order to motivate himself. Similarly, if a person is afraid that his evil inclination will entice him to transgress a Torah prohibition or to avoid doing a Mitzvah, it is a Mitzvah to take a vow in order to motivate himself to perform the Mitzvah. (Shulchan Aruch YD 203:6)
When a person says that he will study a certain Perek, it is regarded as a vow [even if he did not use the word "Neder" or "Shevu'ah"]. (Shach)
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